Research Papers:

Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy under Oligopoly      
Eaton, J. & G.M. Grossman (1986)

Abstract: In this paper we provide an integrative treatment of the welfare effects of trade and industrial policy under oligopoly, and characterize qualitatively the form that optimal intervention takes under a variety of assumptions about the number of firms, the substitutability of their products, and the markets in which they are sold. We find that when no domestic consumption occurs, optimal policy under duopoly with a single home firm depends on the difference between the firms' actual responses to their rivals and their response to their rivals' conjecture. If conjectures are consistent, free trade is optimal. A tax or subsidy is indicated depending on the size of the difference between the conjectured and actual response. With more than one home firm but still no domestic consumption, an export tax is indicated if conjectures are consistent. Production subsidies and export tax-cum-subsidies can raise national welfare in the presence of domestic consumption, because these policies can mitigate the extent of the consumption distortion implicit in the derivation of price from marginal cost.

Trade Liberalization and Trade Adjustment Assistance      
Fung, K.C. & R.W. Staiger (1994)

Abstract: We explore the relationship between trade adjustment subsidies and successful reciprocal trade liberalization. We consider economies that are faced with a periodic need to move resources out of a declining import-competing sector, and that are attempting to sustain cooperative but self-enforcing trade agreements in the face of these adjustment needs. If the limitations associated with enforcement of international trade agreements are sufficiently severe, trade adjustment assistance can facilitate reciprocal trade liberalization. We argue that this suggests a possible efficiency rationale for adjustment policies that treat resources differently when traded sectors are involved.

The New Liberalism: Trade Policy Developments in Emerging Markets
Drabek, Z. & S. Laird (1997)

What Should Trade Negotiators Negotiate About?      
Krugman, P. (1997)

Abstract: In recent years there have been growing demands to make trade liberalization contingent on adoption of common labor and environmental standards. The straightforward economic answer is that this makes little sense: neither the gains from trade nor the gains from appropriate regulation are compromised if other countries impose standards that are weaker than your own. It is possible to offer second-bet economic rationales for harmonization, but these are empirically unconvincing. The only serious argument in favor or regulation is political: that regulation which is in the national interest may not be politically feasible unless other countries do the same.

Free versus Fair Trade: The Dumping Issue
Klitgaard, T. & K. Schiele (1998)

On the Effect of the Internet on International Trade
Freund, C. & D. Weinhold (2000)

Vertical Price Control and Parallel Imports: Theory and Evidence
Maskus, K.E. & Y. Chen (2000)

Catching Up with the Competition: Trade Opportunities and Challenges for Arab Countries      CONFERENCE VOLUME
Hoekman, B. & J. Zarrouk (2000)

Abstract: At a time when countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are joining the World Trade Organization, the lack of an economically sound analysis of trade policies in the region is especially notable. This volume remedies the situation by bringing together a distinguished group of applied trade economists to provide a broad view of the state of trade in and among the region's nations. The contributors provide original empirical analyses on key reform issues, and their work reflects deep knowledge of government concerns and policies.

Trade Policy during the Transition. Lessons form the 1990s   
Hare, P.G. (2000)

Labor Demand and Trade Reform in Latin America
Fajnzylber, P. & W.F. Maloney (2000)

Trade Policy of Transition Economics   
Moraga, J.L. & J.M. Viaene (2001)

Free Trade in the Americas: Policy Recommendations and Issue Papers   
North-South Centre & Institute of the Americas (2001)

On 'Indirect' Trade-Related Research and Development Spillovers
Lumenga-Neso, O., M. Olarreaga & M. Schiff (2001)

World Bank to "intensify" work on trade
Bretton Woods Project (2001)

Keiretsu and Relationship-Specific Investment: Implications for Market-Opening Trade Policy
Qiu, L.D. & B.J. Spencer (2001)

Market Access for Developing Countries' Exports   
IMF & World Bank (2001)

Shaping Future GATS Rules for Trade in Services
Mattoo, A. (2001)

The WTO Agreement and Telecommunications Policy Reform
Cowhey, P. & M.M. Klimenko (2001)

Too many codes of practice? Towards cohesion and sustainability in ethical trade
Blowfield, M. (2001)

Eliminating Excessive Tariffs on Exports of Least Developed Countries
Hoekman, B., F. Ng & M. Olarreaga (2001)

Standards and Related Regulations in International Trade: A Modeling Approach
Ganslandt, M. & J.R. Markusen (2001)

Services in the International Economy      CONFERENCE VOLUME
Stern, R.M. (ed) (2001)

Abstract: This book contains selected papers from the First World Services Congress, a forum designed to enhance awareness of the increasingly important role of services in the global economy and to reach out to governments, the business community, international organizations, academicians, and the media. The Congress served as a vehicle for the presentation and discussion of academic research on the entire spectrum of services issues, as well as business options and issues.

India's Reform of External Sector Policies and Future Multilateral Trade Negotiations   
Srinivasan, T.N. (2001)

Antidumping
Blonigen, B.A. & T.J. Prusa (2001)

The Economic and Strategic Motives for Antidumping Filings
Prusa, T.J. & S. Skeath (2001)

Trim sovereignty or let investment flow? GATT, multinationals and developing countries
Morrissey, O. (2001)

Ethical trade futures: strategies for campaigners
Zadek, S. (2001)

WTO, Agriculture, and Developing Countries
Díaz-Bonilla, E., S. Robinson, M. Thomas & Y. Yanoma (2001) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W4F-4F19SST-1&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2005&_alid=245863425&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=6541&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000059601&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4428&md5=b78f1212156a3fe4dbb41511915d2477

Why Are Some People (and Countries) More Protectionist Than Others? | Published
Mayda, A.M. & D. Rodrik (2001/2005)

Dynamic Pricing in the Presence of Antidumping Policy: Theory and Evidence
Blonigen, B.A. & J.H. Park (2001)

Punishment and Dispute Settlement in Trade Agreements      
Ethier, W.J. (2001)

Abstract: This paper interprets dispute settlement procedures and punishments as responses to the fact that trade agreements are incomplete contracts. If no weight is given to the adjudication phase and if the degree of trade relatedness is known with certainty, the negotiated trade agreement will feature commensurate punishments, will induce violation of the dispute settlement ruling, and will deliver optimal liberalization and optimal unilateral trade-related action. With the adjudication phase of concern, the trade agreement will feature less liberalization, but still with a presumption of at least approximate commensurate punishment. The optimal trade agreement will likely induce abiding by the ruling when negotiators attach more importance to the adjudication phase, and violating it when they attach less.

WTO vs ethical trade: mutually inclusive or miles apart?
Tallontire, A. & M. Blowfield (2001)

Abstract: How does the World Trade Organisation view ethical trade? Do Eco-labelling and forest certification schemes break WTO rules? Do they create trade impediments? What external factors might alter the impact of ethical trade?

Measuring Services Trade Liberalization and its Impact on Economic Growth: An Illustration
Mattoo, A., R. Rathindran & A. Subramanian (2001)

Global Trade and Food Safety: Winners and Losers in a Fragmented System
Wilson, J.S. & T. Otsuki (2001)

EU trade policy and development objectives: out of synch?
Stevens, C. & J. Kennan (2001)

Signing up to the WTO
Laird, S. (2001)

Post-Seattle blues: whither the WTO?
Laird, S. (2001)

Trade Liberalisation and Poverty: A Handbook
McCulloch, N., X. Cirera & A. Winters (2001)

International Cartel Enforcement: Lessons from the 1990s   
Evenett, S.J., M.C. Levenstein & V.Y. Suslow (2001)

Abstract: The enforcement record of the 1990s shows that private international cartels are not defunct—nor do they always fall quickly under the weight of their own incentive problems. Of a sample of 40 such cartels prosecuted by the United States and the European Union in the 1990s, 24 lasted at least four years. And for the 20 cartels in this sample where sales data are available, the annual worldwide turnover in affected products exceeded $30 billion. National competition policies address harm in domestic markets, and in some cases prohibit cartels without taking strong enforcement measures. Evenett, Levenstein, and Suslow propose a series of reforms to national policies and steps to enhance international cooperation that will strengthen the deterrents against international cartelization. Furthermore, the authors argue that aggressive prosecution of cartels must be complemented by vigilance in other areas of competition policy. If not, firms will respond to the enhanced deterrents to cartelization by merging or by taking other measures that lessen competitive pressures.

International Protection of Intellectual Property | Published   
Grossman, G. & E.L.C. Lai (2002)

Antidumping as Safeguard Policy
Finger, J.M., F. Ng & S, Wangchuk (2001)

Did Import Substitution Promote Growth in the Late Nineteenth Century?
Irwin, D.A. (2002)

Quantity Controls, License Transferability, and the Level of Investment
Krishna, K., L.H. Tan & R. Ranjan (2002)

One Reason Countries Pay their Debts: Renegotiation and International Trade
Rose, A.K. (2002)

Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization
Reimer, J.J. (2002)

Dirty Exports and Environmental Regulation: Do Standards Matter to Trade?
Wilson, J.S., T. Otsuki & M. Sewadeh (2002)

Liberalizing Trade in Agriculture: Developing Countries in Asia and the Post-Doha Agenda
Wilson, J.S. (2002)

Tariff-jumping FDI and Domestic Firms' Profits
Blonigen, B.A., K. Tomlin & W.W. Wilson (2002)

Cap and Trade Policies in the Presence of Monopoly and Distortionary Taxation
Fullerton, D. & G.E. Metcalf (2002)

Trade Policy Reform and Poverty Alleviation   
Hoekman, B., C. Michalopoulos, M. Schiff & D. Tarr (2002)

Liberalization of Trade in Financial Services and Financial Sector Stability (Analytical Approach)
Kireyev, A.P. (2002)

Trade Openness, Investment Instability and Terms-of-Trade Volatility
Razin, A., E. Sadka & T. Coury (2002)

Do We Really Know that the WTO Increases Trade? | Published   
Rose, A.K. (2002/04)

Do WTO Members have More Liberal Trade Policy? | Published   
Rose, A.K. (2002)

The Perversity of Preferences: The Generalized System of Preferences and Developing Country Trade Policies, 1976-2000
Ozden, C. & E. Reinhardt (2003)

The Response of the Informal Sector to Trade Liberalization
Goldberg, P.K. & N. Pavcnik (2003)

Border Delays and Trade Liberalization
Cudmore, E. & J. Whalley (2003)

Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm-Level Evidence from the United States
Keller, W. & S.R. Yeaple (2003)

Was It Stolper-Samuelson, Infant Industry or Something Else? World Trade Tariffs 1789-1938
Williamson, J.G. (2003)

Selective Information Provision and Special Interest Influence: The Case of Trade Policy
Belfrage, C.J. (2003)

Industrial Tariffs and the Doha Development Agenda   
Bacchetta, M. & B. Bora (2003)

Antidumping and retaliation threats   
Blonigen, B.A. & C.P. Bown (2003)

Trade Policy and Industrial Sector Responses: Using Evolutionary Models to Interpret the Evidence
Erdem, E. & J. Tybout (2003)

Breaking the WTO logjam: towards enforceable special and differential treatment
Stevens, C. (2003)

Crimes and Punishments? Retaliation under the WTO   
Lawrence, R.Z. (2003)

Abstract: It is ironic that the WTO, whose goal is promoting freer trade, authorizes its members to retaliate against violations by raising tariffs. Indeed, at last count, the WTO authorized more protection on US exports to Europe than were removed on these exports as a result of the Uruguay Round. Critics also contend that such retaliation has failed to induce members to comply with its rules, that it undermines national sovereignty, and that it is inherently unfair. The author considers the rationale for retaliation and how it is implemented in practice. He then presents a novel proposal for contingent liberalization commitments, which would improve on the current system while preserving its essential character.

Why is there an Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy?   
Limăo, N. & A. Panagariya (2003)

Labor Standards and the Free Trade Area of the Americas   
Elliott, K.A. (2003)

Economic Implications of China's Accession to the WTO   
Li, Y. (2003)

The Consequences of China's WTO Accession on its Neighbors   
McKibbin, W.J. & W.T. Woo (2003)

An Experimental Test of Strategic Trade Policy   
Engelmann, D. & H-T. Normann (2003)

Trade Liberalisation and Economic Performance: An Overview   
Winters, L.A. (2004)

Trade Liberalisation and Wages in Developing Countries   
Arbache, J.S., A. Dickerson & F. Green (2004)

Subsidy Agreements | Published   
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2004/06)

Preempting Protectionism in Services: The GATS and Outsourcing   
Mattoo, A. & S. Wunsch (2004)

WTO Negotiations on Market Access in Agriculture: a Comparison of Alternative Tariff Cut Proposals for the EU and the US
Bureau, J-C. & L. Salvatici (2004)

Free Trade Agreements: US Strategies and Priorities   
Schott, J.J. (editor) (2004)

Abstract: The sheer number of free trade agreements (FTAs) being pursued by the United States is unprecedented and has provoked major policy questions concerning US interests in the negotiations, the setting of priorities among the prospective FTA partners, the objectives of those partners, and the implications for broader initiatives such as the Doha Round in the World Trade Organization and the Free Trade Area of the Americas. The book makes the conceptual case for FTAs and their implications for the global trading system, examines lessons from past US experience, and analyzes the costs and benefits of specific pacts already being pursued or considered. The book concludes with Schott's recommendations for refocusing US efforts on "big stakes" agreements.

Are Uniform Tariffs Optimal?
Amiti, M. (2004)

Institutions, trade policy and trade flows
Jansen, M. & H.K. Nordĺs (2004)

Trade policy analysis in the presence of duty drawbacks   
Ianchovichina, E. (2004)

The Rise of U.S. Antidumping Actions in Historical Perspective | Alternative
Irwin, D. (2004)

Trade Policy and Global Poverty   
Cline, W.R. (2004)

Abstract: In the fight to reduce global poverty, policymakers often focus on government aid to poor countries. This study suggests that industrial-country trade policy is an even more powerful means for alleviating poverty. Cline calculates that global free trade would confer income gains of at least $90 billion annually in developing countries for traditional “static” effects and long-term gains, including dynamic effects, of about $200 billion annually. Eliminating industrial-country protection alone would provide long-term gains to developing countries of about $100 billion annually-about twice as much as annual aid. The overall income gains would reduce the number of people in poverty globally by about 500 million by 2015, or by about one-fourth.

Reviving the Doha Round
Schott, J.J. (2004)

Tariff Wars and Trade Deals with Costly Government   
Burbidge, J. & G. Myers (2004)

On the Economic Success of GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement   
Bown, C.P. (2004)

The Gains from Trade and Policy Reform Revisited   
Diewert, W.E. & A.D. Woodland (2004)

Trade barriers and wage inequality in a North–South model with technology-driven intra-industry trade   
Beaulieu, E., M. Benarroch & J. Gaisford (2004)

Trade liberalization and intersectoral labor movements   
Wacziarg, R. & J.S. Wallack (2004)

Welfare vs. Market Access: The Implications of Tariff Structure for Tariff Reform | Published   
Anderson, J.E. & J.P. Neary (2004/07)

Trade Integration and Political Turbulence: Environmental Policy Consequence
Fredriksson, P.G. & M. Mani (2004)

Loss Aversion and Trade Policy
Freund, C. & C. Ozden (2004)

The Challenge of Reducing Subsidies and Trade Barriers | Alternative
Anderson, K. (2004)

What Do We Know About Tariff Incidence?
Tokarick, S.P. (2004)

Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy and General Equilibrium
Limao, N. & A. Panagariya (2004)

Is There Policy Induced Quality Reversal in Intra-Industry Trade Between Developed and Less-Developed Countries?
Kunin, M. & K. Zigic (2004)

On the optimal external tariff of a free trade area with internal market integration   
Mukunoki, H. (2004)

Innovative (Imitative) Effort and Tariffs in Developing Countries: Policy Implications of Different Market Conducts, Government Commitment Levels, and Information (A)symmetries
Ionascu, D. & K. Zigic (2004)

Predicting the Poverty Impacts of Trade Reform
Reimer, J.J. & T.W. Hertel (2004)

Trade Liberalization in a Globalizing World
Faini, R. (2004)

Fundamental dimensions of U.S. trade policy   
Bohara, A.K., A.I. Camargo, T. Grijalva & K. Gawande (2004)

How the Dragon Captured the World Export Markets: Outsourcing and Foreign Investment Lead the Way
Adams, F.G., B. Gangnes & Y. Shachmurove (2004)

China's New Regional Trade Agreements
Antkiewicz, A. & J. Whalley (2004)

Tariff Protection, Intellectual Property Rights and North-South Trade with Perfect Price Flexibility
Ionascu, D. & K. Zigic (2004)

Dismantling Discrimination Against Developing Countries: Access, Rules and Differential Treatment
Hoekman, B. (2004)

Dumping in Developing and Transition Economies
Moraga-González, J.L. & J-M. Viaene (2004)

Anti-Dumping, Intra-Industry Trade and Quality Reversals
Moraga-González, J.L. & J-M. Viaene (2004)

Implicit Mercantilism, Oligopoly, and Trade   
McGuire, M.C. & H. Ohta (2005)

Assessing Protectionism and Subsidies in Agriculture: A Gravity Approach
Paiva, C. (2005)

The Foreign Service and Foreign Trade: Embassies as Export Promotion
Rose, A.K. (2005)

Trade remedies and World Trade Organization dispute settlement: Why are so few challenged?
Bown, C. (2005)

Trade Policy, Income Risk, and Welfare
Krebs, T., P. Krishna & W. Maloney (2005)

When and how should infant industries be protected?   
Melitz, M.J. (2005)

Strategic trade and delegated competition   
Miller, N.H. & A. Pazgal (2005)

Agricultural Liberalization and the Developing Countries: Debunking the Fallacies   
Panagariya, A. (2005)

Issue Linking in Trade Negotiations: Ricardo Revisited or No Pain No Gain   
Horstmann, I.J., J.R. Markusen & J. Robles (2005)

Stable Tariffs and Retaliations   
Oladi, R. (2005)

Coordinating Tariff Reduction and Domestic Tax Reform under Imperfect Competition   
Keen, M. & J.E. Ligthart (2005)

Setting the trade policy agenda : What roles for Economists?
Anderson K. (2005)

Trade preferences and differential treatment of developing countries : a selective survey   REVIEW PAPER
Hoekman, B. & C. Ozden (2005)

Conditional Policies in General Equilibrium
Krishna, K. (2005)

My Policies or Yours: Have OECD Agricultural Policies Affected Incomes in Developing Countries?
Ashraf, N., M. McMillan & A.P. Zwane (2005)

Trade Policy and Illegal Immigration
Bandyopadhyay, S. & R. Takashima (2005)

Tax Revenue and (or?) Trade Liberalization
Baunsgaard, T. & M. Keen (2005)

Certification of Origin as a Non-Tariff Barrier   
Chambolle, C. & E. Giraud-Heraud (2005)

Trade Justice or Free Trade?
Singleton, A. (2005)

Trade policy, cross-border externalities and lobbies: do linked agreements enforce more cooperative outcomes?   
Limăo, N. (2005)

Trade and employment: stylized facts and research findings   REVIEW PAPER
Hoekman, B. & L.A. Winters (2005)

Agricultural Negotiations at the WTO: First, Do No Harm   
Polaski, S. (2005)

Tariffs in a Ricardian Model with a Monopolistically Competitive Sector: the Role of Nontradables   
Sen, P. (2005)

Doha Merchandise Trade Reform: What's at Stake for Developing Countries?
Anderson, K., W. Martin & D. van der Mensbrugghe (2005)

Agricultural Liberalization in the Doha Round
Messerlin, P. (2005)

Issues of Manufactures Liberalization and Administered Protection in the Doha Round
Deardorff, A.V. & R.M. Stern (2005)

Services Negotiations in the Doha Round: Promise and Reality
Vastine, J.R. (2005)

An Assessment of the Economic Effects of the Menu of U.S. Trade Policies
Kiyota, K. & R.M. Stern (2005)

Achieving Fairness in the Doha Development Round
Brown, A. & R.M. Stern (2005)

From Seattle to Hong Kong: Are We Getting Anywhere?
Bhagwati, J. (2005)

Non-preferential trading clubs   
Raimondos-Mřller, P. & A.D. Woodland (2005)

A Dual Policy Paradox: Why Have Trade and Immigration Policies Always Differed in Labor-Scarce Economies
Hatton, T.J. & J.G. Williamson (2005)

What's So Special about China's Exports?
Rodrik, D. (2006)

Does Import Protection Discourage Exports?
Tokarick, S. (2006)

Do standards matter for export success?
Otsuki, T., M.X. Chen & J.S. Wilson (2006)

The Implications of Trade Barriers for Sectoral Diversification and Macroeconomic Stability in Developing Economies
Srour, G. (2006)

Do safeguard tariffs and antidumping duties open or close technology gaps?   
Crowley, M.A. (2006)

Does Bilateralism Promote Trade? Nineteenth Century Liberalization Revisited
Accominotti, O. & M. Flandreau

The Intervention Principle   
Grinols, E.L. (2006)

National Treatment in the GATT
Horn, H. (2006)

Do global trade distortions still harm developing country farmers?
Anderson, K. & E.V. Ernesto (2006)

Protection and unemployment   
Bradford, S. (2006)

Labor versus capital in trade-policy: The role of ideology and inequality   
Dutt, P. & D. Mitra (2006)

The Theory of Trade Policy and Trade Agreements: A Critique | Published      
Ethier, W.J. (2006/07)

"GATT-think" with Asymmetric Countries   
Epifani, P. & J. Vitaloni (2006)

Globalization and Endogenous Firm Scope
Nocke, V. & S. Yeaple (2006)

Tariffs and Firm-Level Heterogeneous Fixed Export Costs
Jřrgensen, J.G. & P.J.H. Schröder (2006)

Strategic Labeling and Trade of GMOs
Veyssiere, L. & K. Giannakas (2006)

Delivering on Doha: Farm Trade and the Poor
Elliott, K.A. (2006)

Productivity matters for trade policy: theory and evidence
Karacaovali, B. (2006)

The World Trade Organization's Doha cotton initiative: A tale of two issues
Anderson, K. & E. Valenzuela (2006)

The Relative Importance of Global Agricultural Subsidies and Market Access
Anderson, K., W. Martin & E. Valenzuela (2006)

Globalization’s bystanders: Does trade liberalization hurt countries that do not participate?   
Stern, R.M. & A.V. Deardorff (2006)

Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices
Lee, H.K., A. Nicita & M. Olarreaga (2006)

US-China Trade Disputes: Rising Tide, Rising Stakes
Hufbauer, G.C., Y. Wong & K. Sheth (2006)

Antidumping: A problem in international trade   
Zanardi, M. (2006)

Antidumping policy in developing countries: Safety valve or obstacle to free trade?   
Niels, G. & A. ten Kate (2006)

Working the system: Firm learning and the antidumping process   
Blonigen, B.A. (2006)

Third party anti-dumping: A tentative rationale   
Richardson, M. (2006)

Market size and antidumping in duopolistic competition   
Falvey, R. & S. Wittayarungruangsri (2006)

Implementing a WTO agreement on trade facilitation: What makes sense?
Finger, M.J. & J.S. Wilson (2006)

Steepest Ascent Tariff Reforms   
Raimondos-Moller, P. & A.D. Woodland (2006)

Fiscal Implications of Multilateral Tariff Cuts
Elborgh-Woytek, K., J-J. Hallaert, H.P. Lankes, A.M. Sadikov & D. Smith (2006)

Administrative Delays as Barriers to Trade
Regibeau, P.M. & K.E. Rockett (2006)

The World Trade Organization and antidumping in developing countries | Published   
Bown, C.P. (2006/08)

From the Corn Laws to Free Trade: Interests, Ideas, and Institutions in Historical Perspective
Schonhardt-Bailey, C. (2006)

Commercial Policy in a Predatory World
Anderson, J.E. (2006)

On the Output Effects of Barriers to Trade   
Ferreira, P.C. & A. Trejos (2006)

Liberalizing trade in services: a survey   REVIEW PAPER
Hoekman, B. (2006)

Trade in Services, Trade Agreements and Economic Development: A Survey of the Literature   REVIEW PAPER
Hoekman, B. (2006)

Would Protectionism Defuse Global Imbalances and Spur Economic Activity? A Scenario Analysis | Published   
Faruqee, H., D. Laxton, D. Muir & P. Pesenti (2006/08)

Trademark Protection or Protectionism?   
Baroncelli, E., E. Krivonos & M. Olarreaga (2007)

Economic Integration and Rules of Origin Under International Oligopoly   
Ishikawa, J., H. Mukunoki & Y. Mizoguchi (2007)

Dumping as a signal of innovation   
Miyagiwa, K. & Y. Ohno (2007)

Losers, Winners and Prisoner's Dilemma in International Subsidy Wars
Pires, A.J.G. (2007)

Beyond Trade Costs: Firms' Endogenous Access to International Markets
Pires, A.J.G. (2007)

Quality-enhancing trade liberalization   
Eswaran, M. & A. Kotwal (2007)

Trade deflection and trade depression   
Bown, C.P. & M.A. Crowley (2007)

Trade Policy with Heterogeneous Traders: Do Quotas Get a Bum Rap?
Krishna, K. & L.H. Tan (2007)

Cost Effectiveness of R&D and Strategic Trade Policy
Kujal, P. & J.M. Ruiz (2007)

On the static and dynamic costs of trade restrictions for small developing countries   
Van Marrewijk, C. & K.G. Berden (2007)

Revisiting the infant industry argument   
Sauré, P. (2007)

Trade policy in a Ricardian model with a continuum of goods under nonhomothetic preferences   
Stibora, J. & A. de Vaal (2007)

Inequality and endogenous trade policy outcomes   
Limăo, N. & A. Panagariya (2007)

VAT, Tariffs, and Withholding: Border Taxes and Informality in Developing Countries | Published   
Keen, M. (2007/08)

Optimal Tariffs under a Revenue Constraint   
Hatta, T. & Y. Ogawa (2007)

Optimal Immigration Policy: Permanent, Guest-Worker, or Mode IV?
Schiff, M. (2007)

Informality, corruption and trade reform   
Marjit, S., S. Ghosh & A. Biswas (2007)

Trade protection to reduce redistribution   
Glazer, A. & P. Ranjan (2007)

Human capital, trade liberalization, and income risk
Krebs, T., P. Krishna & W. Maloney (2007)

Trade Restrictiveness and Deadweight Losses from U.S. Tariffs, 1859-1961
Irwin, D.A. (2007)

The Doha Talks and the Bargaining Surplus in Agriculture
Furtan, W.H., A. Guzel & K. Karantininis (2007)

Trade costs, barriers to entry, and export diversification in developing countries
Dennis, A. & B. Shepherd (2007)

The Gains from Trade Liberalization
Brown, D. & T.N. Srinivasan (2007)

Mixing goods with two-part tariffs   
Hoernig, S.H. & T.M. Valletti (2007)

Import Protection Bias   
Pecorino, P. (2007)

Trade Policy under Firm-Level Heterogeneity in a Small Economy | Published   
Demidova, S. & A. Rodriguez-Clare (2007/09)

Border and Behind-the-Border Trade Barriers and Country Exports
Sadikov, A.M. (2007)

Trade Liberalisation is Good for You if You are Rich   
Ackah, C. & O. Morrissey (2007)

The Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Trade Balance in Developing Countries
Wu, Y. & L. Zeng (2008)

Developing countries and enforcement of trade agreements: why dispute settlement is not enough   
Hoekman, B.M. & C.P. Bown (2008)

Illusory Revenues: Tariffs in Resource-Rich and Aid-Rich Economies
Collier, P. & A.J. Venables (2008)

Measuring Protection: Mission Impossible?      REVIEW PAPER
Cipollina, M. & L. Salvatici (2008)

Non-tariff barriers in CGE models: How useful for policy?   
Fugazza, M. & J-C. Maur (2008)

Information and disclosure in strategic trade policy   
Creane, A. & K. Miyagiwa (2008)

Illusory Revenues: Tariffs in Resource-Rich and Aid-Rich Economies
Collier, P. & A.J. Venables (2008)

Trade policy and productivity   
Badinger, H. (2008)

Consistent Trade Policy Aggregation | Published   
Anderson, J.E. (2008/09)

Aid and Trade - A Donor´s Perspective   
Nowak-Lehmann, F.D., I. Martínez-Zarzoso, S. Klasen & D. Herzer (2008)

Antidumping, signaling and cheap talk   
Cassing, J. & T. To (2008)

On the Role and Design of Dispute Settlement Procedures in International Trade Agreements
Maggi, G. & R.W. Staiger (2008)

Tariff retaliation versus financial compensation in the enforcement of international trade agreements   
Limăo, N. & K. Saggi (2008)

On the role of retaliation in trade agreements   
Martin, A. & W. Vergote (2008)

Is the Washington Consensus Dead? Growth, Openness, and the Great Liberalization, 1970s-2000s
Estevadeordal, A. & A.M. Taylor (2008)

Offshoring and the Role of Trade Agreements
Antras, P. & R.W. Staiger (2008)

An Analysis of So-Called Export-led Growth
Yang, J. (2008)

The challenge of reducing international trade and migration barriers   
Anderson, K. & L.A. Winters (2008)

State owned enterprises, shirking and trade liberalization   
Ghosh, M. & J. Whalley (2008)

The MFN clause, welfare, and multilateral cooperation between countries of unequal size   
Saggi, K. (2008)

National Treatment at the WTO: The Roles of Product and Country Heterogeneity   
Saggi, K. & N. Sara (2008)

The United States is a Small Country in World Trade   
Magee, C.S.P. & S.P. Magee (2008)

Export surges: the power of a competitive currency
Freund, C. & M.D. Pierola (2008)

Tariff and Equilibrium Indeterminacy--(I)
Zhang, Y. (2008)

The Structure of Protection and Growth in the Late 19th Century
Lehmann, S.H. & K.H. O'Rourke (2008)

Adjusting to Trade Policy: Evidence from U.S. Antidumping Duties on Vietnamese Catfish
Brambilla, I., G. Porto & A. Tarozzi (2008)

Efficient barriers to trade: A sequential trade model with heterogeneous agents   
Eden, B. (2009)

Profit Shifting and Trade Agreements in Imperfectly Competitive Markets
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2009)

Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements and Private Information
Bagwell, K. (2009)

How do agricultural policy restrictions to global trade and welfare differ across commodities?
Lloyd, P.J., J.L. Croser & K. Anderson (2009)

Trade Liberalization, Economic Growth, and Income Distribution in a Multiple-cone Neoclassical Growth Model   
Kiyota, K. (2009)

Tied Aid, Trade-Facilitating Aid or Trade-Diverting Aid?   
Pettersson, J. & L.M. Johansson (2009)

The effects of loss aversion on trade policy: Theory and evidence   
Tovar, P. (2009)

Optimum tariffs and retaliation: How country numbers matter   
Zissimos, B. (2009)

The Slide to Protectionism in the Great Depression: Who Succumbed and Why?
Eichengreen, B. & D.A. Irwin (2009)

Revenue or Reciprocity? Founding Feuds over Early U.S. Trade Policy
Irwin, D.A. (2009)

Aid for Trade: Matching Potential Demand and Supply
Gamberoni, E. & R. Newfarmer (2009)

Miracles and debacles revisited   
Panagariya, A. (2009)

Trade, Foreign Investment, and Industrial Policy for Developing Countries
Harrison, A. & A. Rodriguez-Clare (2009)

Trade policies, concentration, growth and welfare   
González-Val, R., L. Lanaspa & F. Pueyo (2009)

Smoke in the Water: The Use of Tariff Policy Flexibility in Crises
Foletti, L., M. Fugazza, A. Nicita & M. Olarreaga (2009)

The Global Resort to Antidumping, Safeguards, and other Trade Remedies Amidst the Economic Crisis
Bown, C.P. (2009)

Delocation and Trade Agreements in Imperfectly Competitive Markets
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2009)

The WTO: Theory and Practice
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2009)

Breach, Remedies and Dispute Settlement in Trade Agreements
Maggi, G. & R.W. Staiger (2009)

The Economics of Trade Agreements in the Linear Cournot Delocation Model
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2009)

Is there a dirty little secret? Non-tariff barriers and the gains from trade   
Winchester, N. (2009)

Reconciling Climate Change and Trade Policy
Mattoo, A., A. Subramanian, D. van der Mensbrugghe & J. He (2009)

Export Promotion Agencies Revisited
Lederman, D., M. Olarreaga & L. Payton (2009)

International Trade and Domestic Regulation
Staiger, R.W. & A.O. Sykes (2009)

Reciprocal Trade Agreements in Gravity Models: A Meta-Analysis   
Cipollina, M. & L. Salvatici (2010)

Are Standards Always Protectionist?   
Marette, S. & J. Beghin (2010)

Trade sanctions, financial transfers and BRIC participation in global climate change negotiations   
Tian, H. & J. Whalley (2010)

Managed Trade with Imperfect Information   
Hochman, G. & E. Segev (2010)

Disaggregated data and trade policy analysis: The value of linking partial and general equilibrium models   
Narayanan, B.G., T.W. Hertel & J.M. Horridge (2010)

The Leontief Paradox, Reconsidered      
Leamer, E.E. (1980)

Abstract: Using the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek model of trade, it is shown that a country is revealed to be relatively well endowed in capital compared with labor if and only if one of the following three conditions holds, where K(x), K(m), L(x), L(m), K(c), L(c) are capital and labor embodied in exports, imports, and consumption: (a) K(x) - K(m) > 0, L(x) - L(m) < 0; (b) K(x) - K(m) > 0, L(x) - L(m) > 0, [K(x) - K(m)]/[L(x) - L(m)] > K(c)/L(c); (c) K(x) - K(m) < 0, L(x) - L(m) < 0, [K(x) - K(m)]/[L(x) - L(m)] < K(c)/L(c). Leontief's data for the United States in 1947 satisfy (b), and the United States by trade is actually revealed by trade to be capital abundant. The comparison by Leontief of K(x)/L(x) with K(m)/L(m) is shown to be theoretically inappropriate.

Quality Change Under Trade Restraints in Japanese Autos      
Feenstra, R. (1988)

Abstract: In this paper, the author investigates the quality change in Japanese car and truck imports over 1979-85. Car im ports have been subject to a quota restraint since April 1981, while compact trucks have faced an ad valorem tariff of 25 percent since Au gust 1980. He finds evidence of substantial upgrading in Japanese car imports, with ambiguous quality change in trucks. The welfare cost o f the quota restraint in cars exceeds $1,000 per import in 1983 and 1984.

International Factor Price Differences: Leontief was Right!      
Trefler, D. (1993)

Abstract: The factor price equalization hypothesis is widely at odds with the large variation in factor prices across countries. similarly, the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem constitutes an incomplete description of trade in factor services: its predictions are always rejected empirically. These two issues are examined using a modification of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek model that allows for factor-augmenting international productivity differences. The empirical results are stark: this simple modification of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem explains much of the factor content of trade and the cross-country variation in factor prices.

The Case of the Missing Trade and Other Mysteries      
Trefler, D. (1995)

Abstract: The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem, which predicts that countries will export products that are made from factors in great supply, performs poorly. However, deviations from HOV follow pronounced patterns. Trade is missing relative to its HOV prediction. Also, rich countries appear scarce in most factors and poor countries appear abundant in all factors, a fact that squares poorly with the HOV prediction that abundant factors are exported. As suggested by the patterns, HOV is rejected empirically in favor of a modification that allows for home bias in consumption and international technology differences.

Monopolistic Competition and International Trade: Reconsidering the Evidence      
Hummels, D. & J. Levinsohn (1995)

Abstract: The authors test some propositions about international trade flows that are derived from models of monopolistic competition developed by Elhanan Helpman and Paul Krugman. The authors investigate whether the volume of trade between OECD countries is consistent with the predictions of a model in which all trade is intraindustry trade in differentiated products. They then repeat the test with non-OECD countries. The authors also investigate whether the share of intraindustry trade is consistent with a more general theoretical model in which some, but not all, trade is intraindustry trade. Their results lead the authors to question the apparent empirical success of these models.

Using International and Japanese Regional Data to Determine When the Factor Abundance Theory of Trade Works      
Davis, D.R., D.E. Weinstein, S.C. Bradford & K. Shimpo (1997)

Abstract: The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) model of factor service trade is a mainstay of international economics. Empirically, though, it is a flop. This warrants a new approach. The authors test the HOV model with international and Japanese regional data. The strict HOV model performs poorly because it cannot explain the international location of production. Restricting the sample to Japanese regions provides no help, inter alia giving rise to what Daniel Trefler calls the 'mystery of the missing trade.' However, when the authors relax the assumption of universal factor price equalization, results improve dramatically. In sum, the HOV model performs remarkably well.

The Decision to Export in Colombia: An Empirical Model of Entry with Sunk Costs   
Roberts, M. & J. Tybout (1997)

An Account of Global Factor Trade      
Davis, D.R. & D.E. Weinstein (1998)

Abstract: A half-century of empirical work on the factor proportions theory has identified devise simple amendments that bring theory and data into reasonable congruence. Our study considers standard and novel hypotheses regarding the failures of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek formulation and is the first to examine these directly on the technology and absorption data of interest. We show how a few simple and plausible amendments, verified directly by this data, suffice for a striking confirmation of the HOV theory. Countries export the services of abundant factors and in approximately the right magnitude. HOV works.

Protection for Sale: An Empirical Investigation      
Golberg, P.K. & G. Maggi (1999)

Abstract: A prominent model in the recent political-economy literature on trade policy is Grossman and Helpman's (1994) Protection for Sale' model. This model yields clear predictions for the cross-sectional structure of trade protection. The objective of our" paper is to check whether the predictions of the Grossman-Helpman model are consistent with the data and, if the model finds support, to estimate its two key structural parameters: the government's valuation of welfare relative to contributions, and the fraction of the voting population represented by a lobby. We find that the pattern of protection in the U.S. in 1983 is consistent with the basic predictions of the model. Our estimate of the government's valuation of welfare relative to contributions is surprisingly high; the weight of welfare in the government's objective function is estimated to be between 50 and 88 times the weight of contributions.

International Trade Statistics   
WTO (2001)

Abstract: This report provides comprehensive, comparable and up-to-date statistics on trade in merchandise and commercial services for an assessment of world trade flows by country, region and main product groups or service categories. Some 240 tables and charts depict trade developments from various perspectives and provide a number of long-term time series as additional information. Major trade developments are summarized and discussed in the first part of the report under Overview. This volume has been produced by a team of statisticians from the Statistics Division in collaboration with the Economic Research and Analysis Division.

After Columbus: Explaining the Global Trade Boom 1500-1800
O'Rourke, K.H. & J.G. Williamson (2001)

Reports on World Agricultural Trade
OECD (2001)

Weightless Machines and Costless Knowledge: An Empirical Analysis of Trade and Technology Diffusion
Navaretti, G.B. & I. Soloaga (2001)

Border Effects within the NAFTA Countries
Rogers, J.H. & H.P. Smith (2001)

Exchange Rate Effects on the Volume of Trade Flows: An Empirical Analysis Employing High-Frequency Data   
Baum, C.F., M. Caglayan & N. Ozkan (2001)

Global Production Sharing and Rising Inequality: A Survey of Trade and Wages   REVIEW PAPER
Feenstra, R. & G. Hanson (2001)

On Price-Setting for Identtical Products in Markets without Formal Trade Barriers   
Hassink, W.H.J. & R. Schettkat (2001)

Trade Liberalization in China’s Accession to the World Trade Organization
Ianchovichina, E. & W. Martin (2001)

Plant- and Firm-Level Evidence on "New" Trade Theories
Tybout, J.R. (2001)

Ginis in General Equilibrium: Trade, Technology and Southern Inequality
Chun, S. & D. Trefler (2001)

A Tariff-Growth Paradox? Protection's Impact the World Around 1875-1997
Clemens, M.A. & J.G. Williamson (2001)

Markups, Entry Regulation, and Trade: Does Country Size Matter? | Published
Hoekman, B., H.L. Kee & M. Olarreaga (2001)

Do Rich and Poor Countries Specialize in a Different Mix of Goods? Evidence from Product-Level US Trade Data
Schott, P.K. (2001)

What Role for Empirics in International Trade?
Davis, D.R. & D.E. Weinstein (2001)

Borders, Trade and Welfare
Anderson, J.E. & E. van Wincoop (2001)

Specialization and the Volume of Trade: Do the Data Obey the Laws?      REVIEW PAPER
Harrigan, J. (2001)

Abstract: The core subjects of trade theory are the pattern and volume of trade: which goods are traded by which countries, and how much of those goods are traded. The first part of this paper discusses evidence on comparative advantage, with an emphasis on carefully connecting theoretical models with data analyses. The second part of the paper considers the theoretical foundations of the gravity model and reviews the small number of studies that have tried to test, rather than simply use, the implications of gravity. Both parts of the paper yield the same conclusion: we are still in the very early stages of empirically understanding specialization and the volume of trade, but the work that has been done can serve as a starting point for further research.

Trade Linkages and Output-Multiplier Effects: A Structural VAR Approach with a Focus on Asia
Abeysinghe, T. & K.J. Forbes (2001)

Trade and Production, 1976­-99
Nicita, A. & M. Olarreaga (2001)

Import-Reducing Effect of Trade Barriers: A Cross-Country Investigation
Wang, Q. (2002)

The Composition of Foreign Direct Investment and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Evidence from Transition Economies
Smarzynska, B.K. (2002)

Testing Trade Theory in Ohlin's Time
Estevadeordal, A. & A.M. Taylor (2002)

Shipping the Good Apples Out? An Empirical Confirmation of the Alchian-Allen Conjecture
Hummels, D. & A. Skiba (2002)

Intra-national Home Bias: Some Explanations
Hillberry, R. & D. Hummels (2002)

The Home Market Effect and Bilateral Trade Patterns
Hanson, G.H. X. Chong (2002)

Liberalization of Trade in Financial Services and Financial Sector Stability (Empirical Approach)
Kireyev, A.P. (2002)

Quantifying the Impact of Trade on Wages: The Role of NonTraded Goods | Published   
Tokarick, S.P. (2002/2005)

Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services
WTO, EC, IMF, OECD, UNCTAD & UN (2002)

Closed Jaguar, Open Dragon: Comparing Tariffs in Latin America and Asia before World War II
Clemens, M.A. & J.G. Williamson (2002)

Trade, technology, and productivity: A study of Brazilian manufacturers, 1986-1998   
Muendler, M.A. (2002)

Compiling and Using Export and Import Price Indices
Zieschang, K.D. & J. Dridi (2003)

Doomed to Deficits? Aggregate U.S. Trade Flows Re-Examined
Chinn, M. (2003)

What Has Happened to Wages in Mexico since NAFTA?
Hanson, G. (2003)

An Econometric Analysis of Trade Diversion under NAFTA
Fukao, K., T. Okubo & R.M. Stern (2003)

Bargaining Power and Foreign Direct Investment in China: Can 1.3 Billion Consumers Tame the Multinationals?
Braunstein, E. & G. Epstein (2003)

New Estimates of the Average Tariff of the United States, 1790-1820
Irwin, D.A. (2003)

Why Plant-Level Productivity Studies are Often Misleading, and an Alternative Approach to Inference
Katayama, H., S. Lu & J. Tybout (2003)

Evolving Discretionary Practices of U.S Antidumping Activity
Blonigen, B.A. (2003)

Falling Trade Costs, Heterogeneous Firms, and Industry Dynamics | Published   
Bernard, A., J.B. Jensen & P.K. Schott (2003/06)

Strategic Approaches to Science and Technology in Development
Maloney, W.F. & D. Lederman (2003)

Footloose and Pollution-Free | Published   
Ederington, J., A. Levinson & J. Minier (2003/2005)

Measuring the Impact of Distortions in Agricultural Trade in Partial and General Equilibrium
Tokarick, S.P. (2003)

Trade Liberalization, Firm Performance, and Labor Market Outcomes in the Developing World: What Can We Learn from Micro-Level Data?
Epifani, P. (2003)

Trade Reforms and Wage Inequality in Colombia | Published   
Attanasio, O., P. Goldberg & N. Pavcnik (2003)

One Size Fits All? Heckscher-Ohlin Specialization in Global Production   
Schott, P.K. (2003)

Heckscher-Ohlin Theory and Individual Attitudes Towards Globalization | Published   
O'Rourke, K. & R. Sinnott (2003/06)

On the Duration of Trade | Published   
Besedes, T. & T.J. Prusa (2003)

International Trade and Wage Discrimination: Evidence from East Asia
van der Meulen Rodgers, Y., G. Berik & J.E. Zveglich Jr. (2003)

Plants and Productivity in International Trade      
Bernard, A.B., J. Eaton, J.B. Jensen & S. Kortum (2003)

Abstract: We reconcile trade theory with plant-level export behavior, extending the Ricardian model to accommodate many countries, geographic barriers, and imperfect competition. Our model captures qualitatively basic facts about U.S. plants: (i) productivity dispersion, (ii) higher productivity among exporters, (iii) the small fraction who export, (iv) the small fraction earned from exports among exporting plants, and (v) the size advantage of exporters. Fitting the model to bilateral trade among the United States and 46 major trade partners, we examine the impact of globalization and dollar appreciation on productivity, plant entry and exit, and labor turnover in U.S. manufacturing.

Trade Wars: The Exaggerated Impact of Trade in Economic Debate
Freeman, R.B. (2003)

Heterogeneity and the FDI versus Export Decision of Japanese Manufacturers
Head, K. & J. Ries (2003)

Is Japan's Trade (still) Different?
Harrigan, J. & R. Vanjani (2003)

Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: How Relevant Are Host-country and Industry Characteristics?   
Nunnenkamp, P. & J. Spatz (2003)

Which Countries Export FDI, and How Much?
Razin, A., Y. Rubinstein & E. Sadka (2003)

Does the WTO Make Trade More Stable?
Rose, A.K. (2004)

Outsourcing--Stains on the White Collar?   
Kirkegaard, J.F. (2004)

Armington Elasticities in Intermediate Inputs Trade: A Problem in Using Multilateral Trade Data
Saito, M. (2004)

Globalization and the Gains from Variety
Borda, C. & D.E. Weinstein (2004)

How Much Do Trading Partners Matter for Economic Growth?
Arora, V.B. (2004)

Dissecting Trade: Firms, Industries, and Export Destinations
Eaton, J., S. Kortum & F. Kramarz (2004)

Globalization and the Gains from Variety
Broda, C. & D. Weinstein (2004)

The Real Effects of Finance: Evidence from Exports   
Becker, B. & D. Greenberg (2004)

Inappropriate Pooling of Wealthy and Poor Countries in Empirical FDI Studies
Blonigen, B.A. & M. Wang (2004)

Intraregional Trade in Emerging Asia
Zebregs, H.H. (2004)

How Has NAFTA Affected the Mexican Economy? Review and Evidence
Kose, A., G.M. Meredith & C.M. Towe (2004)

Trade, Regulations, and Growth
Bolaky, B. & C. Freund (2004)

The Global Distribution of Trademarks: Some Stylized Facts
Baroncelli, E., C. Fink & B. Smarzynska (2004)

How Confident Can We Be in CGE-Based Assessments of Free Trade Agreements? | Published      
Hertel, T., D. Hummels, M. Ivanic & R. Keeney (2004/07)

Abstract: Computable General Equilibrium models, widely used for the analysis of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are often criticized for having poor econometric foundations. This paper improves the linkage between econometric estimates of key parameters and their usage in CGE analysis in order to better evaluate the likely outcome of a FTA for the Americas. Our econometric work focuses on estimation of the elasticity of substitution among imports from different countries, which is especially critical for evaluating the positive and normative outcomes of FTAs. We match the data in the econometric exercise to the policy experiment at hand. Then we sample from the distribution of parameter values given by our econometric estimates in order to generate a distribution of model results, from which we can construct confidence intervals. We conclude that there is great potential for combining econometric work with CGE-based policy analysis in order to produce a richer set of results that are likely to prove more satisfying to the sophisticated policy maker.

Trade Costs | Published   REVIEW PAPER   
Anderson, J.A. & E. van Wincoop (2004)

Moving Up or Moving Out? Anti-Sweatshop Activists and Labor Market Outcomes
Harrison, A. & J. Scorse (2004)

Trade Liberalization and Pollution Havens | Published
Ederington, J., A. Levinson & J. Minier (2004)

Trade, Inequality, and Poverty: What Do We Know? Evidence from Recent Trade Liberalization Episodes in Developing Countries
Goldberg, P.K. & N. Pavcnik (2004)

On the Measurement of Product Variety in Trade   
Feenstra, R. & H. Looi Kee (2004)

The Factor Content of Bilateral Trade: An Empirical Test
Choi, Y-S. & P. Krishna (2004)

Trade and Productivity   
Alcala, F. & A. Ciccone (2004)

Across-product Versus Within-product Specialization in International Trade   
Schott, P.K. (2004)

A Flexible Modeling Framework to Estimate Interregional Trade Patterns and Input-Output Accounts
Wang, Z. & P. Canning (2004)

Overseas Assembly and Country Sourcing Choices
Swenson, D.L. (2004)

Will you Buy My Peg? The Credibility of a Fixed Exchange Rate Regime as a Determinant of Bilateral Trade
Bernhard, F-K. & E.M. Jurzyk (2004)

China Bashing 2004   
Hugbauer, G.C. & Y. Wong (2004)

The Impact of China on the Exports of Other Asian Countries
Eichengreen, B., Y. Rhee & H. Tong (2004)

Working the System: Firm Learning and the Antidumping Process
Blonigen, B.A. (2004)

The Long and Short of the Canada-U. S. Free Trade Agreement   
Trefler, D. (2004)

Fear of Service Outsourcing: Is It Justified?
Amiti, M. & S-J. Wei (2004)

Export Variety and Country Productivity
Feenstra, R.C. & H.L. Kee (2004)

Does Exporting Increase Productivity? A Microeconometric Analysis of Matched Firms   
Girma, S., D. Greenaway & R. Kneller (2004)

Is Mexico A Lumpy Country?
Bernard, A.B., R. Robertson & P.K. Schott (2004)

Demographic Changes and International Factor Mobility
Helliwell, J.F. (2004)

In Search of 'Offshoring': Evidence from U.S. Imports of Services   
Van Welsum, D. (2004)

The currency union effect on trade and the FDI channel   
De Sousa. J. & J. Lochard (2004)

World Trade Flows: 1962-2000
Feenstra, R., R.E. Lipsey, H. Deng, A.C. Ma & H. Mo (2005)

Abstract: We document a set of bilateral trade data by commodity for 1962-2000, which is available from www.nber.org/data (International Trade Data, NBER-UN world trade data). Users must agree not to resell or distribute the data for 1984-2000. The data are organized by the 4-digit Standard International Trade Classification, revision 2, with country codes similar to the United Nations classification. This dataset updates the Statistics Canada World Trade Database as described in Feenstra, Lipsey, and Bowen (1997), which was available for years 1970-1992. In that database, Statistics Canada had revised the United Nations trade data, mostly derived from the export side, to fit the Canadian trade classification and in some cases to add data not available from the export reports. In contrast, in the new NBER-UN dataset we give primacy to the trade flows reported by the importing country, whenever they are available, assuming that these are more accurate than reports by the exporters. If the importer report is not available for a country-pair, however, then the corresponding exporter report is used instead. Corrections and additions are made to the United Nations data for trade flows to and from the United States, exports from Hong Kong and China, and imports into many other countries.

Does Tariff Liberalization Increase Wage Inequality? Some Empirical Evidence
Milanovic, B. & L. Squire (2005)

Foreign Direct Investment vs. Foreign Portfolio Investment
Goldstein, I. & A. Razin (2005)

NAFTA's and CUSFTA's Impact on International Trade
Romalis, J. (2005)

The Effects of the Colombian Trade Liberalization on Urban Poverty
Goldberg, P.K. & N. Pavcnik (2005)

Growth, Expansion of Markets, and Income Elasticities in World Trade
Wu, Y. (2005)

How Do Differing Standards Increase Trade Costs? The Case of Pallets
Aldaz-Carroll, E. & G. Raballand (2005)

The effect of trade liberalization on child labor   
Edmonds, E.V. & N. Pavcnik (2005)

Trade raises income: a precise and robust result   
Noguer, M. & M. Siscart (2005)

Outsourcing Price Decisions: Evidence from U.S. 9802 Imports
Swenson, D. (2005)

Is Trade Good or Bad for the Environment? Sorting out the Causality   
Frankel, J.A. & A.K. Rose (2005)

The Structure of Factor Content Predictions
Trefler, D. & S.C. Zhu (2005)

What does evidence tell us about fragmentation and outsourcing?   
Jones, R., H. Kierzkowski & C. Lurong (2005)

The Trade Liberalization Evaluation (TLE) Methodology | Comment   
Estrada, M.A.R./De Lombaerde, P.A.A. (2005/06)

An Empirical Assessment of the Comparative Advantage Gains from Trade: Evidence from Japan   
Bernhofen, D.M. & J.C. Brown (2005)

Outsourcing Tariff Evasion: A New Explanation for Entrepot Trade
Fisman, R., P. Moustakerski & S-J. Wei (2005)

Wealth as a Determinant of Comparative Advantage   
Wynne, J. (2005)

Importers, Exporters, and Multinationals: A Portrait of Firms in the U.S. that Trade Goods
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen & P.K. Schott (2005)

Trade Responses to Geographic Frictions: A Decomposition Using Micro-Data | Published   
Hillberry, R. & D. Hummels (2005/08)

The Variety and Quality of a Nation's Exports   
Hummels, D. & P. Klenow (2005)

Heterogeneous Firms and Trade: Testable and Untestable Properties of the Melitz Model
Baldwin, R. (2005)

A Note on the Empirical Implementation of the Lens Condition
Bernard, A.B., R. Robertson & P.K. Schott (2005)

Wake Up and Smell the Ginseng: The Rise of Incremental Innovation in Low-Wage Countries | Published   
Puga, D. & D. Trefler (2005/09)

U.S. Jobs Gained and Lost through Trade: A Net Measure
Groshen, E.L., B. Hobijn & M.M. McConnell (2005)

Trade and Development Report: New Features of Global Interdependence   
UNCTAD (2005)

Abstract: From the perspective of the Millennium Development Goals, it is good news that in 2004 per capita incomes grew almost everywhere in the developing world, and that short-term prospects are favourable. The bad news is that in sub-Saharan Africa even GDP growth of close to 5 per cent is still insufficient to attain the MDGs. The global outlook for 2005 and beyond is overshadowed by increasing global trade imbalances. How can these be corrected without a worldwide recession? The solution has to build on higher domestic demand in Europe and Japan, but a coordinated international macroeconomic approach that includes the major developing countries is also needed.

World Trade and Global Integration in Production Processes: A Re-assessment of Import Demand Equations   
Barrell, R. & S. Dees (2005)

Increasing returns and market efficiency in agricultural trade   
Fafchamps, M., E. Gabre-Madhin & B. Minten (2005)

International trade, economic growth and intellectual property rights: A panel data study of developed and developing countries   
Schneider, P.H. (2005)

The Welfare Cost of Autarky: Evidence from the Jeffersonian Trade Embargo, 1807-09   
Irwin, D.A. (2005)

Which International Institutions Promote International Trade?   
Rose, A.K. (2005)

Distance and International Banking   
Buch, C.M. (2005)

Transpacific Trade Imbalances: Causes and Cures   
Lee, J-W., W.J. McKibbin & Y.C. Park (2005)

Tradable Services: Understanding the Scope and Impact of Services Offshoring   
Jensen, J.B. & L.G. Kletzer (2005)

International Trade in East Asia      CONFERENCE VOLUME
Ito, T. (editor) (2005)

Abstract: The practice of trading across international borders has undergone a series of changes with great consequences for the world trading community, the result of new trade agreements, a number of financial crises, the emergence of the World Trade Organization, and countless other less obvious developments. Here, a group of esteemed contributors provides a summary of empirical factors of international trade specifically as they pertain to East Asian countries such as China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.

Trade Costs, Trade Balances and Current Accounts: An Application of Gravity to Multilateral Trade   
Fazio, G., R. MacDonald & J. Melitz (2005)

Trade Potentials in Gravity Panel Data Models
De Benedictis, L. & C. Vicarelli (2005)

Is free trade deflationary?   
Kim, M. & H. Beladi (2005)

A Test of Trade Theories when Expenditure is Home Biased | Published   
Brülhart, M. & F. Trionfetti (2005/09)

A Re-Examination of the Border Effect
Gorodnichenko, Y. & L. Tesar (2005)

Supply Capacity, Vertical Specialization and Tariff Rates: The Implications for Aggregate U.S. Trade Flow Equations
Chinn, M.D. (2005)

Alternative Techniques for Estimation of Cross-Section Gravity Models   
Egger, P. (2005)

Intraindustry Trade and Relative Factor Endowments   
Cieslik, A. (2005)

Factor Price Equality and the Economies of the United States
Bernard, A.B., S.J. Redding & P.K. Schott (2005)

Supply Capacity, Vertical Specialization and Tariff Rates: The Implications for Aggregate U.S. Trade Flow Equations   
Chinn, M.D. (2005)

Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization
Francois, J.F., B. Hoekman & M. Manchin (2005)

International diffusion and intellectual property rights: An empirical analysis   
McCalman, P. (2005)

North, South and Distance in the Gravity Model | Published   
Melitz, J. (2005/07)

The Complementary Role of Exports and R&D Investments as Sources of Productivity Growth
Aw, B.Y., M.J. Roberts & T. Winston (2005)

Imports and Productivity
Halpern, L., M. Koren & A. Szeidl (2005)

Does External Trade Promote Financial Development?
Huang, Y. & J.R. Temple (2005)

International trade and child labor: Cross-country evidence   
Edmonds, E.V. & N. Pavcnik (2005)

Survival of the best fit: Exposure to low-wage countries and the (uneven) growth of U.S. manufacturing plants   
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen & P.K. Schott (2005)

Product quality and the direction of trade   
Hallak, J.C. (2005)

How Does Trade Openness Influence Budget Deficits in Developing Countries?
Combes, J-L. & T. Saadi-Sedik (2006)

Trade and inequality in wages and unemployment   
Bjřrnstad, R. & T. Skjerpen (2006)

Service Offshoring and Productivity: Evidence from the United States
Amiti, M. & S-J. Wei (2006)

Will the Doha Round Lead to Preference Erosion? | Published
Amiti, M. & J. Romalis (2006/07)

Do Tariffs Matter for the Extensive Margin of International Trade? An Empirical Analysis
Debaere, P.M. & S. Mostashari (2006)

Revisiting the effects of regional trade agreements on trade flows with proper specification of the gravity model   
Carrčre, C. (2006)

Is Human Capital Losing from Outsourcing? Evidence for Austria and Poland   
Lorentowicz, A., D. Marin & A. Raubold (2006)

Specialization, Outsourcing and Wages   
Munch, J.R. & J.R. Skaksen

Do Firms Learn from International Trade?   
MacGarvie, M. (2006)

New Measures of Port Efficiency Using International Trade Data | Published   
Blonigen, B.A. & W.W. Wilson (2007/08)

Domestic Taxes and International Trade: Some Evidence
Keen, M. & M.H. Syed (2006)

The Impact of Federation on Australia's Trade Flows
Irwin, D.A. (2006)

Do standards matter for export success?
Otsuki, T., M.X. Chen & J.S. Wilson (2006)

Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States
Hanson, G.H. (2006)

The Relative Sophistication of Chinese Exports
Schott, P.K. (2006)

What Determines Bilateral Trade Flows?
Baxter, M. & M.A. Kouparitsas (2006)

The Euro’s Trade Effects   
Baldwin, R.E. (2006)

The Unequal Effects of Liberalization: Evidence from Dismantling the License Raj in India
Aghion, P., R. Burgess, S.J. Redding & F. Zilibotti (2006)

Optimal Tariffs: The Evidence
Broda, C., N. Limao & D.E. Weinstein (2006)

The data chase: what's out there on trade costs and nontariff barriers?
Bagai, S. & J.S. Wilson (2006)

Multinationals, Technology, and the Introduction of Varieties of Goods | Published   
Brambilla, I. (2006/09)

Why don't firms export more? Product quality and Colombian plants   
Brooks, E.L. (2006)

Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution
Muendler, M-A. & S.O. Becker (2006)

Measuring International Trade in Services
Lipsey, R.E. (2006)

Trade liberalization and the allocation of labor between households and markets in a poor country   
Edmonds, E.V. & N. Pavcnik (2006)

Multi-Product Firms and Product Switching
Bernard, A.B., S.J. Redding & P.K. Schott (2006)

Baumol-Tobin and the Welfare Costs of National Security Border Delays
Huang, H. & J. Whalley (2006)

Is the Border Really That Wide?   
Ceglowski, J. (2006)

The Impact of Trade on Wages: What If Countries Are Not Small?
Saito, M. & I. Tokutsu (2006)

Outsourcing Jobs? Multinationals and US Employment
Harrison, A.E. & M.S. McMillan (2006)

Managing the Noodle Bowl: The Fragility of East Asian Regionalism
Baldwin, R.A. (2006)

Trading on time
Djankov, S., C. Freund & C.S. Pham (2006)

Trade and harmonization: if your institutions are good, does it matter if they are different?
Reshef, A. & R. Islam (2006)

Trends in tariff reforms and trends in wage inequality
Galiano, S. & G.G. Porto (2006)

Openness and Industrial Response in a Wal-Mart World: A Case Study of Mexican Soaps, Detergents and Surfactant Producers
Javorcik, B.S., W. Keller & J.R. Tybout (2006)

Has the Internet Increased Trade?
Wallsten, S. & G.R.G. Clarke (2006)

Quantifying the impact of services liberalization in a developing country   
Konan, D.E. & K.E. Maskus (2006)

An empirical assessment of the welfare effects of reciprocal dumping   
Friberg, R. & M. Ganslandt (2006)

Rethinking the Effects of Immigration on Wages
Ottaviano, G.I.P. & G. Peri (2006)

Transfer Pricing by U.S.-Based Multinational Firms
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen & P.K. Schott (2006)

Cross-Border Mergers and National Champions in an Integrating Economy
Sudekum, J. (2006)

The Euro as Invoicing Currency in International Trade   
Kamps, A. (2006)

From Groundnuts to Globalization: A Structural Estimate of Trade and Growth
Broda, C., J. Greenfield & D. Weinstein (2006)

Gravity for Dummies and Dummies for Gravity Equations
Baldwin, R. & D. Taglioni (2006)

Measuring Competitiveness
Neary, J.P. (2006)

Fairtrade and market failures in agricultural commodity markets
Ronchi, L. (2006)

Importation and Innovation
Lichtenberg, F.R. (2006)

Testing the Theory of Trade Policy: Evidence from the Abrupt End of the Multifibre Arrangement
Harrigan, J. & G. Barrows (2006)

Moving Forward Faster: Trade Facilitation Reform and Mexican Competitiveness   
Soloaga, I., J.S. Wilson & A. Mejia (2006)

A profile of the world's young developing country migrants
McKenzie, D.J. (2006)

Why Tariffs, Not Subsidies? A Search for Stylized Facts
Ederington, J. & J. Minier (2006)

Euros and Zeros: The Common Currency Effect on Trade in New Goods
Baldwin, R.E. & V. Di Nino (2006)

Relativity in Trade Theory: Towards a Solution to the Mystery of Missing Trade   
Fisher, E.O. & S.L. May (2006)

Do state trading exporters distort trade?   
McCorriston, S. & D. MacLaren (2006)

Trade, Wages, and Specific Factors   
Dasgupta, I. & T. Osang (2007)

Trade Adjustment and Human Capital Investments: Evidence from Indian Tariff Reform
Edmonds, E.V., N. Pavcnik & P. Topalova (2007)

Distributional Effects of Globalization in Developing Countries
Goldberg, P.K. & N. Pavcnik (2007)

Immigrants Assimilate as Communities, Not Just as Individuals
Hatton, T.J. & A. Leigh (2007)

Trade policy, trade volumes and plant-level productivity in Colombian manufacturing industries   
Fernandes, A.M. (2007)

The geography of trade in goods and asset holdings   
Aviat, A. & N. Coeurdacier (2007)

The Trade Reducing Effects of Market Power in International Shipping | Published   
Hummels, D., V. Lugovskyy & A. Skiba (2007/09)

Estimating Trade Flows: Trading Partners and Trading Volumes
Helpman, E., M. Melitz & Y. Rubinstein (2007)

Trade Costs in the First Wave of Globalization
Jacks, D.S., C.M. Meissner & D. Noy (2007)

Can the Natural Resource Curse Be Turned Into a Blessing? The Role of Trade Policies and Institutions
Arezki, R. & F. van der Ploeg (2007)

Institutions, infrastructure, and trade   
Francois, J.F. & M. Manchin (2007)

Trade and Workforce Changeover in Brazil
Muendler, M-A. (2007)

Quantifying international migration: a database of bilateral migrant stocks
Winters, L.A., T.L. Walmsley, R. Skeldon & C.R. Parsons (2007)

Imports, entry and competition law as market disciplines   
Kee, H.L. & B. Hoekman (2007)

Market Access, Openness and Growth
Romalis, J. (2007)

International Productivity Differences, Infrastructure, and Comparative Advantage   
Yeaple, S.R. & S.S. Golub (2007)

National Border Effects: Location, Not Nationality, Matters   
Evans, C.L. (2007)

Can Comparative Advantage Explain the Growth of U.S. Trade?   
Cuńat, A. & M. Maffezzoli (2007)

Product Differentiation, Multi-product Firms and Estimating the Impact of Trade Liberalization on Productivity
De Loecker, J. (2007)

The Missing Globalization Puzzle: Evidence of the Declining Importance of Distance
Coe, D.T., A. Subramanian & N.T Tamirisa (2007)

Optimal Tariffs under a Revenue Constraint   
Hatta, T. & Y. Ogawa (2007)

Trade Openness and Growth: Pursuing Empirical Glasnost | Published
Billmeier, A. & T. Nannicini (2007/09)

An experimental test of strategic trade policy   
Engelmann, D. & H-T. Normann (2007)

Multinationals and the Creation of Chinese Trade Linkages
Swenson, D.L. (2007)

Improved Access to Foreign Markets Raises Plant-Level Productivity ... for Some Plants
Lileeva, A. & D. Trefler (2007)

Please Pass the Catch-up: The Relative Performance of Chinese and Foreign Firms in Chinese Exports
Blonigen, B. & A. Ma (2007)

Task Specialization, Comparative Advantages, and the Effects of Immigration on Wages
Peri, G. & C. Sparber (2007)

Trade costs, barriers to entry, and export diversification in developing countries   
Shepherd, B. & A. Dennis (2007)

The Smuggling of Art, and the Art of Smuggling: Uncovering the Illicit Trade in Cultural Property and Antiques
Fisman, R. & S-J. Wei (2007)

Financial Integration within EU Countries: The Role of Institutions, Confidence and Trust
Ekinci, M.F., S. Kalemli-Ozcan & B. Sorensen (2007)

Intra-Industry Foreign Direct Investment
Alfaro, L. & A. Charlton (2007)

Trade Shocks and Labor Adjustment: A Structural Empirical Approach
Artuc, E., S. Chaudhuri & J. McLaren (2007)

Winners and losers: A Micro-level Analysis of International Outsourcing and Wages
Geishecker, I. & H. Görg (2007)

Export Dynamics in Colombia: Firm-Level Evidence
Eaton, J., M. Eslava, M. Kugler & J. Tybout (2007)

Trend in International Migration Flows and Stocks, 1975--2005
Lowell, B.L. (2007)

Foreign Direct Investment, Endogenous Tariffs, and Preferential Trade Agreements
Blanchard, E.J. (2007)

Intra-industry trade with multinational firms   
Egger, H., P. Egger & D. Greenaway (2007)

International trade in durable goods: understanding volatility, cyclicality, and elastics   
Engel, C. & J. Wang (2007)

Globalization and Taste Convergence: the Cases of Wine and Beer   
Aizenman, J. & E. Brooks (2008)

Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia   
Amiti, M. & J. Konings (2007)

Export Diversification: What’s behind the Hump?
Cadot, O., C. Carrčre & V. Strauss-Kahn (2007)

Product Quality at the Plant Level: Plant Size, Exports, Output Prices and Input Prices in Colombia   
Kugler, M. & E.A. Verhoogen (2008)

Estimating Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality
Hallak, J.C. & P.K. Schott (2008)

Aggregate Investment Expenditures on Tradable and Nontradable Goods
Bems, R. (2008)

Heterogeneous Responses of Firms to Trade Protection | Published   
Konings, J. & H. Vandenbussche (2008)

The border effect in small open economies   
Horváth, J., A. Rátfai & B. Döme (2008)

International Migration, Remittances and Household Investment: Evidence from Philippine Migrants’ Exchange Rate Shocks   
Yang, D. (2008)

Imperfect Substitution between Immigrants and Natives: A Reappraisal
Borjas, G.J., J. Grogger & G.H. Hanson (2008)

Product specialization in international trade: A further investigation   
Pham, C.S. (2008)

On the conservation of distance in international trade   
Berthelon, M. & C. Freund (2008)

Explaining Rising Inequality: Skill-Biased Technical Change and North-South Trade   
Chusseau, N., M. Dumont & J. Hellier (2008)

Much Ado About Nothing: American Jobs and the Rise of Service Outsourcing to China and India
Liu, R. & D. Trefler (2008)

Firm Heterogeneity and the Structure of U.S. Multinational Activity: An Empirical Analysis | Published   
Yeaple, S. (2008/09)

The Skill Bias of World Trade   
Epifani, P. & G. Gancia (2008)

Trade, Firms, and Wages: Theory and Evidence | Alternative
Amiti, M. & D.R. Davis (2008)

Multi-product Firms and Product Turnover in the Developing World: Evidence from India
Goldberg, P.K., A. Khandelwal, N. Pavcnik & P. Topalova (2008)

Global Trade and the Maritime Transport Revolution
Jacks, D.S. & K. Pendakur (2008)

Endogenous Borders? Exploring a Natural Experiment on Border Effects
Heinemeyer, H.C., M.S. Schulze & N. Wolf (2008)

Immigration and National Wages: Clarifying the Theory and the Empirics
Ottaviano, G.I.P. & G. Peri (2008)

Is export promotion effective in developing countries? Firm-level evidence on the intensive and the extensive margins of exports   
Martincus, C.V. & J. Carballo (2008)

Do Interest Groups Affect U.S. Immigration Policy?
Facchini, G., A.M. Mayda & P. Mishra (2008)

Globalization Drives Strategic Product Switching
Moreno Badia, M., V. Slootmaekers & I. Van Beveren (2008)

Effects of TRIPS on Growth, Welfare and Income Inequality in an R&D-Growth Model
Chu, A.C. & S-K. Peng (2008)

Imported Intermediate Inputs and Domestic Product Growth: Evidence from India
Goldberg, P.K., A. Khandelwal, N. Pavcnik & P. Topalova (2008)

Testing the Melitz Model of Trade: An Application to U.S. Motion Picture Exports
Hanson, G.H. & X. Xiang (2008)

The Economic Consequences of the International Migration of Labor
Hanson, G.H. (2008)

Financial factors and the margins of trade: evidence from cross-country firm-level data   
Berman, N. & J. Héricourt (2008)

Trade, Remittances, Institutions, and Economic Growth   
Le, T. (2008)

The Estimated Effects of the Euro on Trade: Why Are They Below Historical Effects of Monetary Unions Among Smaller Countries?
Frankel, J.A. (2008)

Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices   
Kee, H.L., A. Nicita & M. Olarreaga (2008)

An Anatomy of International Trade: Evidence from French Firms
Eaton, J., S. Kortum & F. Kramarz (2008)

Measuring Globalization of International Trade: Theory and Evidence   
Arribas, I., F. Pérez & E. Tortosa-Ausina (2008)

New Evidence on the Formation of Trade Policy Preferences
Blonigen, B. (2008)

Exporting and Firm Performance: Chinese Exporters and the Asian Financial Crisis
Park, A., D. Yang, X. Shi & Y. Jiang (2008)

The Margins of U.S. Trade
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen, S.J. Redding & P.K. Schott (2009)

Adaptation and the Boundary of Multinational Firms
Costinot, A., L. Oldenski & J.E. Rauch (2009)

Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution
Muendler, M-A. & S.O. Becker (2009)

The Causes and Effects of International Migrations: Evidence from OECD Countries 1980-2005
Ortega, F. & G. Peri (2009)

The Olympic Effect
Rose, A.K. & M.M. Spiegel (2009)

Global distortions to agricultural markets: new indicators of trade and welfare impacts, 1955 to 2007
Lloyd, P.J., J.L. Croser & K. Anderson (2009)

Trade and Income -- Exploiting Time Series in Geography
Feyrer, J. (2009)

International trade and unemployment: Theory and cross-national evidence   
Dutt, P., D. Mitra & P. Ranjan (2009)

Trade Reforms and Market Selection: Evidence from Manufacturing Plants in Colombia
Eslava, M., J.C. Haltiwanger, A.D. Kugler & M. Kugler (2009)

Estimating the Border Effect: Some New Evidence
Gopinath, G., P-O. Gourinchas, C-T. Hsieh & N. Li (2009)

How remote is the offshoring threat?   
Head, K., T. Mayer & J. Ries (2009)

Measuring the Benefits of Product Variety with an Accurate Variety Set
Blonigen, B.A. & A. Soderbery (2009)

The Two Waves of Service Sector Growth
Eichengreen, B. & P. Gupta (2009)

International Trade and Labor Income Risk in the United States
Krishna, P. & M.Z. Senses (2009)

The better you are the stronger it makes you : evidence on the asymmetric impact of liberalization   
Iacovone, L. (2009)

Trade Liberalization and New Imported Inputs
Goldberg, P., A. Khandelwal, N. Pavcnik & P. Topalova (2009)

The Better You Are the Stronger It Makes You: Evidence on the Asymmetric Impact of Liberalization
Iacovone, L. (2009)

Estimating the Impact of Trade and Offshoring on American Workers Using the Current Population Surveys
Ebenstein, A., A. Harrison, M. McMillan & S. Phillips (2009)

Exporting Out of Poverty: Provincial Poverty in Vietnam and U.S. Market Access   
McCaig, B. (2009)

Diasporas
Beine, M., F. Docquier & C. Özden (2009)

Alternative Measures of Offshorability: A Survey Approach
Blinder, A.S. & A.B. Krueger (2009)

Human Capital, Exports, and Earnings
Fafchamps, M. (2009)

Services outsourcing and innovation: An empirical investigation
Görg, H. & A. Hanley (2009)

Offshoring and the Onshore Composition of Tasks and Skills
Becker, S.O., K. Ekholm & M-A. Muendler (2009)

One Money, One Market - A Revised Benchmark
Eicher, T.S. & C. Henn (2009)

Export Prices and Heterogeneous Firm Models
Manova, K. & Z. Zhang (2009)

Offshoring, Firm Performance and Establishment-Level Employment: Identifying Productivity and Downsizing Effects
Moser, C., D.M. Urban & B. Weder di Mauro (2009)

Markups and Firm-level Export Status
De Loecker, J. & F. Warzynski (2009)

The Distance Effect and the Regionalization of the Trade of Low-Income Countries
Carrčre, C., J. de Melo & J. Wilson (2009)

What Can Be Learned from Crisis-Era Protectionism? An Initial Assessment
Evenett, S.J. (2009)

The Trade Response to Global Downturns: Historical Evidence
Freund, C. (2009)

International trade and income differences   
Waugh, M.E. (2009)

The Determinants of Intra-Firm Trade
Corcos, G., D. Irac, G. Mion & T. Verdier (2009)

Tear Down this Wall: On the Persistence of Borders in Trade
Nitsch, V. & N. Wolf (2009)

Micro, Macro, and Strategic Forces in International Trade Invoicing
Goldberg, L.S. & C. Tille (2009)

Export promotion agencies: Do they work?   
Lederman, D., M. Olarreaga & L. Payton (2009)

Competition and Quality Upgrading
Amiti, M. & A. Khandelwal (2009)

Heterogeneous firms or heterogeneous workers? Implications for the exporter premium and the impact of labor reallocation on productivity
Irarrazabal, A., A. Moxnes & K-H. Ulltveit-Moe (2009)

Time as a Determinant of Comparative Advantage
Li, Y. & J.S. Wilson (2009)

Inter-Firm Trade Finance in Times of Crisis
C. Menichini, A.M. (2009)

The power of exports
Easterly, W., A. Reshef & J. Schwenkenberg (2009)

Trade openness and income — A re-examination   
Manole, V. & M. Spatareanu (2009)

Distance, Trade, and Income - The 1967 to 1975 Closing of the Suez Canal as a Natural Experiment
Feyrer, J. (2009)

The Consumption Terms of Trade and Commodity Prices
Berka, M. & M.J. Crucini (2009)

A Touch of Sophistication: FDI and Unit Values of Exports
Harding, T. & B. Smarzynska-Javorcik (2009)

Elasticity Optimism
Imbs, J. & I. Mejean (2009)

Measuring the Gains from Trade under Monopolistic Competition
Feenstra, R.C. (2009)

Do trade missions increase trade?
Head, K. & J. Ries (2009)

Importing, exporting and innovation in developing countries   
Seker, M. (2009)

Wholesalers and Retailers in U.S. Trade (Long Version)
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen, S.J. Redding & P.K. Schott (2010)

Globalization, Trade & Wages: What Does History tell us about China?
Mitchener, K.J. & S. Yan (2010)

Trade Liberalization and Heterogeneous Firm Models: An Evaluation Using the Canada - US Free Trade Agreement
Breinlich, H. & A. Cuńat (2010)

The Role of Intermediaries in Facilitating Trade
Ahn, J., A.K. Khandelwal & S-J. Wei (2010)

Climate Shocks and Exports
Jones, B.F. & B.A. Olken (2010)

Global Wage Inequality and the International Flow of Migrants   
Rosenzweig, M.R. (2010)

Cultural proximity and trade   
Felbermayr, G.J. & F. Toubal (2010)

What Constrains Africa's Exports?
Freund, C. & N. Rocha (2010)

The Composition and Cyclical Behavior of Trade Flows in Emerging Economies
De Bock, R. (2010)

New Dimensions in Regional Integration   
de Melo, J. & A. Panagariya (1993)

Abstract: Interest in regional integration has recently revived in both developed and developing countries. The United States has responded to the lack of progress in the Uruguay Round of the GATT by pursuing bilateral trade negotiations with Canada and Mexico, while the developing countries' trade liberalizations of the 1980s have prompted them to re-evaluate the potential benefits of regional integration. The tendency for the world trading system to divide into three blocs - the European Community, the Americas and East Asia - is providing their members with guaranteed access to large markets, but non-member countries will suffer from the loss of access and there is an increasing risk of trade wars. In this book, derived from a conference organized jointly by the World Bank and CEPR in April 1992, leading international experts assess the renewed attractiveness of regional integration to individual countries, the types of integration that are suitable to various circumstances, the conditions necessary to their success, and the relationship between regionalism and multilateral free trade.

Regionalism versus Multilateralism      
Winters, A. (1995)

Abstract: The literature on regionalism versus multilateralism is growing as economists and political scientists grapple with the question of whether regional integration arrangements are good or bad for the multilateral system. Are regional integration arrangements "building blocks or stumbling blocks," in Jagdish Bhagwati's phrase, or stepping stones toward multilateralism? As economists worry about the ability of the World Trade Organization to maintain the GATT's unsteady yet distinct momentum toward liberalism, and as they contemplate the emergence of world-scale regional integration arrangements (the EU, NAFTA, FTAA, APEC, and, possibly, TAFTA), the question has never been more pressing. Winters switches the focus from the immediate consequences of regionalism for the economic welfare of the integrating partners to the question of whether it sets up forces that encourage or discourage evolution toward globally freer trade. The answer is, "We don't know yet." One can build models that suggest either conclusion, but these models are still so abstract that they should be viewed as parables rather than sources of testable predictions.

Open Regionalism   
Bergsten, C.F. (1997)

Abstract: “Open regionalism” represents an effort to resolve one of the central problems of contemporary trade policy: how to achieve compatibility between the explosion of regional trading arrangements 1 around the world and the global trading system as embodied in the World Trade Organization. The concept seeks to assure that regional agreements will in practice be building blocks for further global liberalization rather than stumbling blocks that deter such progress.

Preferential and Non-Preferential Trade Flows in World Trade
Grether, J.M. & M. Olarreagas (1998)

Can Bilateralism Ease the Pains of Multilateral Trade Liberlization?
Cadot, O., J. de Melo & M. Olarreaga (1998)

Regional Integration Agreements: A Force for Convergence or Divergence?
Venables, A.J. (1999)

An Economic Theory of GATT      
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (1999)

Abstract: We propose a unified theoretical framework within which to interpret and evaluate the foundational principles of GATT. Working within a general equilibrium trade model, we represent government preferences in a way that is consistent with national income maximization but also allows for the possibility of distributional concerns as emphasized in leading political-economy models. Using this general framework, we establish that GATT's principles of reciprocity and non-discrimination can be viewed as simple rules that assist governments in their effort to implement efficient trade agreements. From this perspective, we argue that preferential agreements undermine GATT's ability to deliver efficient multilateral outcomes.

The Role of Multilateral Institutions in International Trade Cooperation      
Maggi, G. (1999)

Abstract: The World Trade Organization (WTO) lacks the power to directly enforce agreements. It is therefore important to understand what role the WTO can play to facilitate international cooperation, and whether a multilateral institution can offer distinct advantages over a web of bilateral agreements. This paper examines two potential benefits of a multilateral trade institution: first, verifying violations of the agreements and informing third parties, thus facilitating multilateral reputation mechanisms; second, promoting multilateral trade negotiations rather than a web of bilateral negotiations. The model suggests that a multilateral approach is particularly important when there are strong imbalances in bilateral trading relationships.

The Long and Short of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement
Trefler, D. (2001)

South-South Regional Integration and Industrial Growth: The Case of the Andean Pact
Madani, D.H. (2001)

Trade Integration and Risk Sharing   
Kraay, A. & J. Ventura (2001)

Is Mercosur a Stepping Stone for Global Competition? An Empirical Assesment   
Olarreaga, M. (2001)

Financial Globalization and Real Regionalization   
Heathcote, J. & F. Perri (2001)

Regional Integration and Industrial Growth among Developing Countries: The Case of Three ASEAN Members
Madani, D.H. (2001)

Mega trading blocks: friend or foe of free trade?
Crawford, J. & S. Laird (2001)

Regional Integration and Development in Small States
Schiff, M. (2002)

Regionalism and the WTO   CONFERENCE PAPERS   
Various (2002)

Abstract: Proceedings of a conference on regionalism and the WTO, held April 26, 2002 at the WTO.

Regional Agreements and Trade in Services
Mattoo, A. & C. Fink (2002)

Trade-Related Technology Diffusion and the Dynamics of North-South and South-South Integration
Schiff, M., W. Yanling & M. Olarreaga (2002)

Regional Cooperation, and the Role of International Organizations and Regional Integration
Schiff, M. & A.L. Winters (2002)

Agriculture in the Doha Agenda
Messerlin, P. (2003)

The Monetary Consequences of a Free Trade Area of the Americas
Eichengreen, B. & A.M. Taylor (2003)

Gradualism in free trade agreements: a theoretical justification   
Chisik, R. (2003)

East Asia Integrates: a trade policy for shared growth   
Krumm, K. & H. Kharas (Editors) (2003)

Abstract: Countries of East Asia face a substantial challenge to sustain income growth and poverty reduction in today’s competitive global economy, as they continue to recover from the 1997 financial crisis and to adapt to China’s emergence as a major world and regional trader. But even as they make decisions about the pace and extent of change needed to compete in the new East Asia, governments also face fundamental challenges to ensure that the benefits of regional and global trade are shared more evenly, among and within countries and social groups. These challenges can be met if action is taken to promote formal economic cooperation through trade and investment liberalization, consistent with a strong development orientation, according to the World Bank’s latest research on trade in East Asia. East Asia Integrates: A Trade Policy for Shared Growth, released today in Singapore, urges that this emerging, complex agenda, be addressed through an integrated regional trade strategy for East Asia – one that is more open and equitable than in the past.

Reciprocity in Free Trade Agreements
Freund, C. (2003)

What Would a Development-Friendly WTO Architecture Really Look Like?
Mattoo, A. & A. Subramanian (2003)

The Case for Auctioning Countermeasures in the WTO | Published   
Bagwell, K., P.C. Mavroidis & R.W. Staiger (2003/07)

More Favorable and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries: Toward a New Approach in the World Trade Organization
Michalopoulos, C., L.A. Winters & B. Hoekman (2003)

The Impact of China’s WTO Accession on East Asia
Ianchovichina, E. & T. Walmsley (2003)

Emerging Trends in WTO Dispute Settlement: Back to the GATT?
Holmes, P., J. Rollo & A.R. Young (2003)

The WTO Promotes Trade, Strongly But Unevenly | Published   
Subramanian, A. & S-J. Wei (2003/07)

The United States and the New Regionalism/ Bilateralism
Hilaire, A. & Y. Yang (2003)

Regional Blocs and Foreign Direct Investment   
Donnenfeld, S. (2003)

Regional Integration and Development   
Schiff, M. & L.A. Winters (2003)

Abstract: The growth of regional trading blocs has been one of the major developments in international relations in recent years. This volume extends the literature on it by examining regionalism from the viewpoint of developing countries, by providing a comprehensive account of existing theory and empirical results, by incorporating the findings of formal analyses of the politics and dynamics of regionalism, and by analyzing issues of credibility, deep integration, and the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism. In addition the volume offers concrete guidance to policy makers. Regional integration has an ambiguous impact on welfare and is too complex and case-specific to permit universal operational rules. Nevertheless, the authors have extracted a number of robust messages from the analysis that apply in the majority of circumstances. These are collected together into eight themes, broken down into thirty rules of thumb, that should guide policy makers considering creating or joining a new trade bloc.

In defence of the WTO: hard rules are better than no rules at all?
Holmes, P. (2003)

The Trade and Investment Effects of Preferential Trading Arrangements
Dee, P. & J. Gali (2003)

The Impacts of an East Asia FTA on Foreign Trade in East Asia
Urata, S. & K. Kiyota (2003)

WTO Dispute Settlements in East Asia
Ahn, D. (2003)

China's Integration into the World Economy: Implications for Developing Countries
Yang, Y. (2003)

The Impact of Free Trade Agreements in Asia   
Kawasaki. K. (2003)

After Cancun: Possibilities for a New North-South Grand Bargain on Trade
Palley, T.I. (2003)

NAFTA and Mexico's Less-Than-Stellar Performance
Tornell, A., F. Westermann & L. Martinez (2004)

China: International Trade and WTO Accession
Rumbaugh, T.R. & N.R. Blancher (2004)

Multilateral trade negotiations, bilateral opportunism and the rules of GATT/WTO | Erratum   
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2004/05)

Special and Differential Treatment in the WTO: Why, When and How?
Keck, A. & P. Low (2004)

The WTO and the Poorest Countries: The Stark Reality
Mattoo, A. & A. Subramanian (2004)

Are regional trading arrangements trade creating? An application of extreme bounds analysis   
Ghosh, S. & S. Yamarik (2004)

Regionalism and Multilateral Trade Liberalization with Asymmetric Countries   
Hadjiyiannis, C. (2004)

A strategic and welfare theoretic analysis of free trade areas   
Bond, E.W., R.G. Riezman & C. Syropoulos (2004)

Economic determinants of free trade agreements   
Baier, S.L. & J.H. Bergstrand (2004)

North-South Technology Diffusion, Regional Integration, and the Dynamics of the “Natural Trading Partners” Hypothesis
Schiff, M. & Y. Wang (2004)

The Development Round of trade negotiations in the aftermath of Cancun   
Stiglitz, J. & A. Charlton (2004)

Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Trade Agreements: The Market Size Effect Revisited
Jaumotte, F. (2004)

Regionalism in Standards: Good or Bad for Trade?
Chen, M.X. & A. Mattoo (2004)

The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis   
Macrory, P.F.J., A.E. Appleton & M.G. Plummer (2005)

Abstract: With more than eighty chapters, this three-volume work – described by the current Director-General of the World Trade Organization as an "outstanding contribution" to understanding the world trading system – is by far the most comprehensive study yet undertaken of the WTO. Contributors to the book include two former Directors-General of the WTO, a former Deputy Director-General, a former and a present member of the WTO Appellate Body, and several present and former officials of the WTO Secretariat. They also include a number of former heads of country delegations to the GATT and the WTO, as well as leading academics and practitioners from many countries. The core of the book is the section on the legal framework of the WTO, which contains detailed legal analyses of the GATT 1994 and each of the specialized WTO agreements, as well as a discussion of the institutional framework of the WTO. The book also includes a number of chapters on the WTO dispute resolution process – a critical part of the world trading system – and on the growing phenomenon of regional trade agreements. In addition, the book contains sections discussing important political aspects of the WTO, such as the relationship between trade and the environment, labor, and human rights. A section on economic issues includes chapters analyzing the economic aspects of such critical aspects as anti-dumping, safeguards, trade and the environment, and trade and labor. A series of country reports considers the WTO from the perspective of individual members and would-be members, ranging from the United States and the European Union to Mongolia.

International Cooperation on Domestic Policies: Lessons from the WTO Competition Policy Debate
Hoekman, B. & K. Saggi (2004)

Understanding Rules of Origin   REVIEW PAPER
Krishna, K. (2005)

The Clash of Liberalizations: Preferential versus Multilateral Trade Liberalization in the European Union | Published   
Karacaovali, B. & N. Limao (2005/08)

What Does Regional Trade in South Asia Reveal about Future Trade Integration? Some Empirical Evidence
Pitigala, N. (2005)

The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis   
Macrory, P.F.J., A.E. Appleton & M.G. Plummer (2005)

Abstract: With more than eighty chapters, this three-volume work – described by the current Director-General of the World Trade Organization as an "outstanding contribution" to understanding the world trading system – is by far the most comprehensive study yet undertaken of the WTO. Contributors to the book include two former Directors-General of the WTO, a former Deputy Director-General, a former and a present member of the WTO Appellate Body, and several present and former officials of the WTO Secretariat. They also include a number of former heads of country delegations to the GATT and the WTO, as well as leading academics and practitioners from many countries. The core of the book is the section on the legal framework of the WTO, which contains detailed legal analyses of the GATT 1994 and each of the specialized WTO agreements, as well as a discussion of the institutional framework of the WTO. The book also includes a number of chapters on the WTO dispute resolution process – a critical part of the world trading system – and on the growing phenomenon of regional trade agreements. In addition, the book contains sections discussing important political aspects of the WTO, such as the relationship between trade and the environment, labor, and human rights. A section on economic issues includes chapters analyzing the economic aspects of such critical aspects as anti-dumping, safeguards, trade and the environment, and trade and labor. A series of country reports considers the WTO from the perspective of individual members and would-be members, ranging from the United States and the European Union to Mongolia. The book is an essential tool for anyone with a professional interest in the WTO, ranging from government officials involved in trade policy to legal practitioners to academics.

Beyond Goods and Services: Competition Policy, Investment, Mutual Recognition, Movement of Persons, and Broader Cooperation Provisions of Recent FTAs involving ASEAN Countries
Dayaratna Banda, O.G. & J. Whalley (2005)

International fragmentation and the new economic geography   
Jones, R.W. & H. Kierzkowski (2005)

The Economic Analysis of International Production/Distribution Networks in East Asia and Latin America: The Implication of Regional Trade Arrangements
Kimura, F. & M. Ando (2005)

Trade preferences to small developing countries and the welfare costs of lost multilateral liberalization
Limao, N. & M. Olarreago (2005)

The Changing Landscape of Regional Trade Agreements   
Crawford, J. & R.V. Fiorentino (2005)

The WTO After 10 Years: Global Problems and Multilateral Solutions      CONFERENCE PAPERS
Various Authors (2005)

Abstract: Papers and presentations from the recent WTO public symposium "WTO After 10 Years: Global Problems and Multilateral Solutions" are now available on the WTO website. This year's event coincided with the 10th Anniversary of the WTO. Participants from governments, parliaments, civil society, the business sector, academia and the media were invited to analyse and reflect upon these past ten years and discuss the challenges the organization faces into the future.

Preferential Trade Agreements as Stumbling Blocks for Multilateral Trade Liberalization: Evidence for the US
Limao, N. (2005)

Trade Agreements as Self-Protection   
Wu, J.P. (2005)

Rules of Origin in North-South Preferential Trading Arrangements with an Application to NAFTA   
Anson, J., O. Cadot, A. Estevadeordal, J. de Melo, A. Suwa-Eisenmann & B. Tumurchudur (2005)

Preferential Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific Region
Feridhanusetyawan, T. (2005)

BRICSAM and the Non-WTO
Antkiewicz, A. & J. Whalley (2005)

Trade creating free trade areas and the undermining of multilateralism   
Ornelas, E. (2005)

Product Specific Rules of Origin in EU and U.S. Preferential Trading Agreements: An Assessment
Cadot, O., C. Carrere, J. de Melo & B. Tumurchudur (2005)

European Union–developing country FTAs: overview and analysis   
Francois, J.F., M. McQueen & G. Wignaraja (2005)

Preference erosion and multilateral trade liberalization
Francois, J., B. Hoekman & M. Manchin (2005)

How often are propositions on the effects of regional trade agreements theoretical curiosa?   
Abrego, L., R. Riezman & J. Whalley (2005)

Bilateralism and Free Trade   
Goyal, S. & S. Joshi (2006)

Multilateralism and Hub-and-Spoke Bilateralism   
Mukunoki, H. & K. Tachi (2006)

Trade Issues in the Doha Round: Dispelling Some Misconceptions | Published   
Tokarick, S. (2006/08)

The world trading system: In the fog of uncertainty
Ostry, S. (2006)

Winners and Losers from the Gradual Formation of Trading Blocs   
Macho-Stadler, I. & L. Xue (2006)

Recent Regional Agreements: Why So Many, Why So Much Variance in Form, Why Coming So fast, and Where are They Headed?   
Whalley, J. (2006)

Quality of Governance and the Formation of Preferential Trade Agreements   
Endoh, M. (2006)

Rules of origin for preferential trading arrangements: implications for the ASEAN Free Trade Area of EU and U.S. experience
Cadot, O., J. de Melo & A. Portugal-Perez (2006)

Preferential trade agreements and their role in world trade
Medvedev, D. (2006)

Patterns of International Cooperation and the Explanatory Power of Relative Gains: An Analysis of Cooperation on Global Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, and International Trade   
Grundig, F. (2006)

Do free trade agreements actually increase members' international trade?   
Baier, S.L. & J.H. Bergstrand (2007)

When Do Trade Blocs Block Trade?   
Kono, D.Y. (2007)

Does WTO Membership Make a Difference at the Extensive Margin of World Trade?   
Felbermayr, G.J. & W. Kohler (2007)

Will the Doha Round Lead to Preference Erosion?
Amiti, M. & J. Romalis (2007)

Regionalization, Changes in Home Bias, and the Growth of World Trade
Whalley, J. & X. Xin (2007)

Endogenous trade bloc formation in an asymmetric world   
Melatos, M. & A. Woodland (2007)

Free trade networks   
Furusawa, T. & H. Konishi (2007)

Normative comparisons of customs unions and other types of free trade association   
Kemp, M.C. (2007)

Evaluating the trade effect of developing regional trade agreements : a semi-parametric approach
Coulibaly, S. (2007)

Pareto-optimal Delegation in Customs Unions   
Melatos, M. & A.D. Woodland (2007)

Is Regionalism Viable? A Case for Global Free Trade   
Oladi, R. & H. Beladi (2007)

Feasible multilateralism and the effects of regionalism   
Ornelas, E. (2008)

Are Trade Blocs Building or Stumbling Blocks? New Evidence
Baldwin, R. & E. Seghezza (2008)

The trade structure effects of endogenous regional trade agreements   
Egger, H., P. Egger & D. Greenaway (2008)

Recurrent trade agreements and the value of external enforcement   
Klimenko, M., G. Ramey & J. Watson (2008)

Trade Creation and Diversion Revisited: Accounting for Model Uncertainty and Natural Trading Partner Effects
Eicher, T., C. Henn, & C. Papageorgiou (2008)

New measures of trade creation and trade diversion   
Magee, C.S.P. (2008)

Big-Think Regionalism: a Critical Survey
Baldwin, R. (2008)

Enlargement and common external tariff in a political-economic model of customs union   
Bandyopadhyay, S., S. Lahiri & S. Roy (2008)

Trade diversion under selective preferential market access
Borchert, I.

Does regionalism affect trade liberalization toward non-members?
Estevadeordal, A., C. Freund & E. Ornelas (2008)

The Value of Making Commitments Externally: Evidence from WTO Accessions
Tang, M-K., S-J. Wei (2008)

Estimating the effects of free trade agreements on international trade flows using matching econometrics   
Baier, S.L. & J.H. Bergstrand (2008)

Do countries free ride on MFN?   
Ludema, R.D. & A.M. Mayda (2009)

In Search of WTO Trade Effects:Preferential Trade Agreements Promote Trade Strongly, But Unevenly
Eicher, T.S. & C. Henn (2009)

Common External Tariff Choice in Core Customs Unions   
Melatos, M. & A. Woodland (2009)

Global Free Trade is in the Core of a Customs Union Game   
Konishi, H., C. Kowalczyk & T. Sjöström (2009)

WTO as Moral Support   
Furusawa, T. (2009)

Implications of WTO disciplines for special economic zones in developing countries
Creskoff, S. & P. Walkenhorst (2009)

Regional Trade Integration and Multinational Firm Strategies
Antras, P. & C.F. Foley (2009)

The ASEAN Free Trade Agreement: Impact on Trade Flows and External Trade Barriers
Calvo-Pardo, H., C. Freund & E. Ornelas (2009)

GATT/WTO Promotes Trade Strongly: Sample Selection and Model Specification   
Liu, X. (2009)

Trade negotiations within the GATT/WTO framework: A survey of successes and failures   
Baldwin, R.E. (2009)

Alternatives to the Doha Round   
Deardorff, A.V. & R.M. Stern (2009)

http://ir.ide.go.jp/dspace/bitstream/2344/851/1/207_hhss.pdf">Who Uses FTAs?   
Hayakawa, K., D. Hiratsuka, K. Shiino & S. Sukegawa (2009)

The effects of free trade areas on non-members: Modelling Kemp–Vanek admissibility   
Waschik, R. (2009)

Preferential trading arrangements as strategic positioning   
Seidmann, D.J. (2009)

Joining the World Trade Organization: What is the Impact?   
Balding, C. (2010)