Research Papers:

International Trade


Trade Theory

The Structure of Simple General Equilibrium Models   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Jones, R.W. (1965)

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the structue of the simple competitive model of production in a manner designed to highlight both the dual relationship and the similarity that exists among a number of traditional problems in comparative statics and economic growth.

Comparative Advantage, Trade, and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Dornbusch, R., S. Fischer & P.A. Samuelson (1977)

Abstract: This paper discusses Ricardian trade and payments theory in the case of a continuum of goods. The analysis thus extends the development of many-commodity, two-country comparative advantage analysis. Perhaps surprisingly, the continuum assumption simplifies the analysis neatly in comparison with the discrete many-commodity case.

Short-Run Capital Specificity and the Pure Theory of International Trade   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Neary, J.P. (1978)

Abstract: The aim of this article is threefold. First, it presents a new diagrammatic technique to illustrate the short-run capital specificaity adjustment process in a small open economy. Second, the implications of the short-run capital specificity adjustment process are examined in the context of an open economy with pre-existing factor market distortions. The third aim of the paper is to point out the central role of the asumption of intersectoral capital mobility in international trade theory.

Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Krugman, P.R. (1980)

Abstract: The basic model of this paper is one in which there are economies of scale in production and firms can costlessly differentiate their products. In this model, which is derived from recent work by Dixit and Stiglitz, equilibrium takes the form of Chamberlinian monopolistic competition. When two imperfectly competitive economies of this kind are allowed to trade, increasing returns produce trade and gains from trade even if the economies have identical tastes, technology, and factor endowments.

Decreasing Costs in International Trade and Frank Graham's Argument for Protection   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Ethier, W.J. (1982)

Abstract: Over half a century ago Frank Graham argued that decreasing costs could justify protection. Although this contention stimulated a large literature, a correct analysis has never been made. The present paper attempts to fill this gap. It is shown that a greater degree of increasing returns actually reduces its likelihood. Furthermore, increasing returns yield a positive analysis nearly completely symmetric to that of Ricardian constant costs. A new analytical tool, the allocation curve, is introduced, with which Marshallian stability is fully analogous to Walrasian instability with offer curves.

Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition, and the International Economy
Helpman, E. & P. Krugman (1999)

Abstract: Market Structure and Foreign Trade presents a coherent theory of trade in the presence of market structures other than perfect competition. The theory it develops explains trade patterns, especially of industrial countries, and provides an integration between trade and the role of multinational enterprises. Relating current theoretical work to the main body of trade theory, Helpman and Krugman review and restate known results and also offer entirely new material on contestable markets, oligopolies, welfare, and multinational corporations, and new insights on external economies, intermediate inputs, and trade composition.

The Boundaries of Multinational Enterprises and the Theory of International Trade   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Markusen, J.R. (1995)

Abstract: This paper presents a diagrammatic technique to illustrate the short-run capital specificity adjustment process in a small open economy. It also considers the implications of the short-run capital specificity adjustment process in the context of the small open economy with pre-existing factor market distortions. Finally, it points out the central role of the assumption of intersectoral capital mobility in traditional international trade theory.

An Empirical Assessment of the Proximity-Concentration Trade-off Between Multinational Sales and Trade   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Brainard, S.L. (1997)

Abstract: This paper empirically investigates the role of transport costs, trade and investment barriers, production scale economies, and firm- specific advantages in determining the use of overseas production relative to exports. The proximity-concentration hypothesis is robust in explaining the share of total sales accounted for by affiliate sales: this share is greater the higher are transport costs and trade barriers and the lower are plant scale economies and investment barriers. Although strictly speaking, the proximity-concentration hypothesis applies to the shares of affiliate sales and exports rather than the levels, the effects of trade and investment barriers on the levels are similar to their effects on the shares, controlling for simultaneity, and so is that of freight factors in the trade estimates. The elasticity of inward and outward net affiliate sales with respect to tariffs is around 0.45, and that with respect to NTBs is an additional 0.17. The elasticity of both imports and exports with respect to freight factors is -1. However, the effect of freight factors on the level of affiliate sales is not robust, and the probability of observing any affiliate sales is increasing in proximity. The overall complementarity between trade and affiliate sales arises in part because relative income and intellectual property intensity increase both. In contrast, affiliate sales and trade move in opposite directions with increases in advertising intensity, suggesting that advertising-intensive products require a local presence.

Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Feenstra, R.C. (1998)

Abstract: The last few decades have seen a spectacular integration of the global economy through trade. The rising integration of world markets has brought with it a disintegration of the production process, however, as manufacturing or services activities done abroad are combined with those performed at home. I compare several different measures of foreign outsourcing, and argue that they have all increased since the 1970s. I also consider the implications of globalization for employment and wages of low-skilled workers, and for trade and regulatory policy, such as labor standards.

The Six Major Puzzles in International Macroeconomics: Is There a Common Cause?   Recommended!   Acrobat Required
Obstfeld, M. & K. Rogoff (2000)

Abstract: The central claim in this paper is that by explicitly introducing costs of international trade (narrowly, transport costs but more broadly, tariffs, nontariff barriers and other trade costs), one can go far toward explaining a great number of the main empirical puzzles that international macroeconomists have struggled with over twenty-five years. Our approach elucidates J. McCallum's home bias in trade puzzle, the Feldstein-Horioka saving-investment puzzle, the French-Poterba equity home bias puzzle, and the Backus-Kehoe-Kydland consumption correlations puzzle. That one simple alteration to an otherwise canonical international macroeconomic model can help substantially to explain such a broad arrange of empirical puzzles, including some that previously seemed intractable, suggests a rich area for future research. We also address a variety of international pricing puzzles, including the purchasing power parity puzzle emphasized by Rogoff, and what we term "the exchange rate disconnect puzzle." The latter category of riddles includes both the Meese-Rogoff exchange rate forecasting puzzle and the Baxter-Stockman neutrality of exchange rate regime puzzle. Here, although many elements need to be added to our extremely simple model, trade costs still play an essential role.

Exports and Information Spillovers
Nicita, A. & M. Olarreaga (2000)

Integration vs Outsourcing in Industry Equilibrium   Recommended!   Acrobat Required
Grossman, G. & E. Helpman (2001)

Abstract: We develop an equilibrium model of industrial structure in which the organization of firms is endogenous. Differentiated consumer products can be produced either by vertically integrated firms or by pairs of specialized companies. Production of each variety of consumer good requires a unique, specialized component. Vertically integrated firms can manufacture the components they need in the quantity and type that maximizes profits, but they face a relatively high cost of governance.

How Reasonable Are Assumptions Used in Theoretical Models? Computational Evidence on the Likelihood of Trade Pattern Changes
Abrego, L., R. Riezman & J. Whalley (2001)

International Trade in Manufactured Products - A Ricardo-Heckscher-Ohlin Explanation with Monopolistic Competition
Choudri, E. & Hakura, D. (2001)

Financial Frictions in Business Cycles, Trade and Growth   Acrobat Required
Wynne, J.L. (2001)

A Unified Approach to Intra-Industry Trade and Direct Foreign Investment
Markusen, J.R. & K.E. Maskus (2001)

Who Dies? International Trade, Market Structure, and Industrial Restructuring
Bernard, A.B. & J.B. Jensen (2001)

Financial Development and International Trade: Is There a Link?
Beck, T. (2001)

Financial Dependence and International Trade
Beck, T. (2001)

Trade Liberalisation, Product Variety and Growth in a Small Open Economy: A Quantitative Assessment
Rutherford, T. & D. Tarr (2001)

Injury Investigations in Anti-Dumping and the Super-Additivity Effect: A Theoretical Explanation
Gupta, P. & A. Panagariya (2001)

Tariffs, Terms or Trade, and The Real Exchange Rate in and Intertemporal Optimizing Model of the Current Account
Edwards, S. (2001)

International Trade and the Environment: A Framework for Analysis
Copeland, B.R. & M.S. Taylor (2001)

Do Factor Endowments Matter for North-North Trade?
Davis, D.R. & D.E. Weinstein (2001)

Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle   Recommended!
Anderson, J.E. & E. van Wincoop (2001)

Abstract: The gravity model has been widely used to infer substantial trade flow effects of institutions such as customs unions and exchange rate mechanisms. McCallum [1995] found that the US-Canada border led to trade between provinces that is a factor 22 (2,200%) times trade between states and provinces, a spectacular puzzle in light of the low formal barriers on this border. We show that the gravity model usually estimated does not correspond to the theory behind it. We solve the 'border puzzle' by applying the theory seriously. We find that national borders reduce trade between the US and Canada by about 44%, while reducing trade among other industrialized countries by about 30%. McCallum's spectacular headline number is the result of a combination of omitted variables bias and the small size of the Canadian economy. Within-Canada trade rises by a factor 6 due to the border. In contrast, within-US trade rises 25%.

The Factor Content of Trade
Davis, D.R. & D.E. Weinstein (2001)

The Merits of Horizontal versus Vertical FDI in the Presence of Uncertainty | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Aizenman, J. & N. Marion (2001)

Market Entry Costs, Producer Heterogeneity, and Export Dynamics
Das, S., M.J. Roberts & J.R. Tybout (2001)

Foreign Direct Investors in Three Financial Crises
Lipsey, R.E. (2001)

Foreign Direct Investment   Acrobat Required
Hatzius, J.(2001)

Foreign Direct Investment in a World of Multiple Taxes
Desai, M.A. & J.R. Hines Jr. (2001)

Pollution Havens and Foreign Direct Investment: Dirty Secret or Popular Myth?
Smarzynska, B.K. & S.J. Wei (2001)

Determinants of, and the Relation Between, Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: A Summary of the Recent Literature   REVIEW PAPER
Lim, E.G. (2001)

Foreign Direct Investment and the Operations of Multinational Firms: Concepts, History, and Data
Lipsey, R.E. (2001)

Home and Host Country Effects of FDI
Lipsey, R. (2002)

Entrepreneurship in International Trade
Rauch, J.E. & J. Watson (2002)

Bilateral Trade and Opportunism in a Matching Market   Recommended!
Ramey, G. & J. Watson (2001)

Abstract: We develop a model of bilateral contracting in a dynamic market setting. Asset owners must be paired via a matching process in order to form productive relationships involving long-term investments and ongoing effort. Market frictions shape the owners' incentives to invest in the absence of complete contracts. We identify cases in which there exists an optimal positive level of market friction implementing first-best investment levels. We also endogenize the choice between integrated and nonintegrated organizational forms. Changes in structural variables can induce crashes by disrupting existing relationships.

Attracting FDI in a Politically Risky World
Janeba, E. (2001)

Courting FDI: Is Competition Bad?   Acrobat Required
Fernandez-Arias, E., R. Hausmann & E. Stein (2001)

Trade Integration and Risk Sharing
Kraay, A. & J. Ventura (2002)

Trade Openness and Investment Instability
Razin, A., E. Sadka & T. Coury (2002)

Trade with Labor Market Distortions and Heterogeneous Labor: Why Trade Can Hurt
Krishna, K., A. Mukhopadhyay & C. Yavas (2002)

Trade Integration and Growth   Acrobat Required
Cunat, A. & M. Maffezzoli (2002)

Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Markets: Income, Repatriations and Financial Vulnerabillities
Lehmann, A.C. (2002)

The Rise and Fall of World Trade, 1870-1939   Recommended!
Estevadeordal, A., B. Frantz & A.M. Taylor (2002)

Abstract: Measured by the ratio of trade to output, the period 1870 1913 marked the birth of the first era of trade globalization and the period 1914 39 its death. What caused the boom and bust? We use an augmented gravity model to examine the gold standard, tariffs, and transport costs as determinants of trade. Until 1913 the rise of the gold standard and the fall in transport costs were the main trade-creating forces. As of 1929 the reversal was driven by higher transport costs. In the 1930s, the final collapse of the gold standard drove trade volumes even lower.

Trade and Food Security: Conceptualizing the Linkages   Acrobat Required
Panagariya, A. (2002)

Export-Platform Foreign Direct Investment
Ekholm, K., R. Forslid & J. Markusen (2003)

Traders, Cops and Robbers | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Anderson, J.E. & O. Bandiera (2003)

Export versus FDI |

Published   Ingenta Select Required
Helpman, E., M.J. Melitz & S.R. Yeaple (2003)

The Effects of Multinational Production on Wages and Working Conditions in Developing Countries
Brown, D.K., A.V. Deardorff & R.M. Stern (2003)

Firms, Contracts, and Trade Structure | Published   Recommended!   Ingenta Select Required
Antras, P. (2003)

Abstract: Roughly one-third of world trade is intrafirm trade. This paper starts by unveiling two systematic patterns in the volume of intrafirm trade. In a panel of industries, the share of intrafirm imports in total U. S. imports is significantly higher, the higher the capital intensity of the exporting industry. In a cross section of countries the share of intrafirm imports in total U. S. imports is significantly higher, the higher the capital-labor ratio of the exporting country. I then show that these patterns can be rationalized in a theoretical framework that combines a Grossman-Hart-Moore view of the firm with a Helpman-Krugman view of international trade. In particular, I develop an incomplete-contracting, property-rights model of the boundaries of the firm, which I then incorporate into a standard trade model with imperfect competition and product differentiation. The model pins down the boundaries of multinational firms as well as the international location of production, and it is shown to predict the patterns of intrafirm trade identified above. Econometric evidence reveals that the model is consistent with other qualitative and quantitative features of the data.

Trade, Growth and the Environment | Published   Recommended!   Ingenta Select Required   REVIEW PAPER
Copeland, B.R. & M.S. Taylor (2003)

Abstract: For the last ten years environmentalists and the trade policy community have engaged in a heated debate over the environmental consequences of liberalized trade. The debate was originally fueled by negotiations over the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Uruguay round of GATT negotiations, both of which occurred at a time when concerns over global warming, species extinction and industrial pollution were rising. Recently it has been intensified by the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and proposals for future rounds of trade negotiations. The debate has often been unproductive. It has been hampered by the lack of a common language and also suffered from little recourse to economic theory and empirical evidence. The purpose of this essay is set out what we currently know about the environmental consequences of economic growth and international trade. We critically review both theory and empirical work to answer three basic questions. What do we know about the relationship between international trade, economic growth and the environment? How can this evidence help us evaluate ongoing policy debates? Where do we go from here?

The Role of Information in Driving FDI Flows: Host-Country Transparency and Source-Country Specialization
Mody, A., A. Razin & E. Sadka (2003)

Policy designs in a dynamic model of infant industry protection   ScienceDirect Required
Kaneda, M. (2003)

Catch-up in turn in a multi-country international trade model with learning-by-doing and invention   ScienceDirect Required
Nakajima, T. (2003)

Domestic Labour Markets and Foreign Direct Investment
Haaland, J. & I. Wooton (2003)

International Trade under Oligopoly Conditions   Recommended!   Wiley Interscience Required
Ruffin, R.J. (2003)

Abstract: The paper gives a simple representation of how oligopoly affects the general theory of international trade. Three points are emphasized: the simplicity of trade under oligopoly in the Ricardian model; the equations describing the general equilibrium of a world economy with any number of goods, countries, and factors under oligopolistic conditions and an integrated world market; and a complete description of the solution of a Mill–Ricardo–Cournot model with oligopoly in one sector and perfect competition in the other.

The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity | Published   Recommended!   Wiley Interscience Required
Melitz, M.J. (2003)

Abstract: This paper develops a dynamic industry model with heterogeneous firms to analyze the intra-industry effects of international trade. The model shows how the exposure to trade will induce only the more productive firms to enter the export market (while some less productive firms continue to produce only for the domestic market) and will simultaneously force the least productive firms to exit. It then shows how further increases in the industry's exposure to trade lead to additional inter-firm reallocations towards more productive firms. The paper also shows how the aggregate industry productivity growth generated by the reallocations contributes to a welfare gain, thus highlighting a benefit from trade that has not been examined theoretically before. The paper adapts Hopenhayn's (1992a) dynamic industry model to monopolistic competition in a general equilibrium setting. In so doing, the paper provides an extension of Krugman's (1980) trade model that incorporates firm level productivity differences. Firms with different productivity levels coexist in an industry because each firm faces initial uncertainty concerning its productivity before making an irreversible investment to enter the industry. Entry into the export market is also costly, but the firm's decision to export occurs after it gains knowledge of its productivity.

Global Sourcing | Published
Antras, P. & E. Helpman (2003)

Inequality and Trade
Mitra, D. & V. Trindade (2003)

National Treatment and the Choice Between Exports and FDI
Hoekman, B. & K. Saggi (2003)

Conditions for Factor Price Equalization in the Integrated World Economy Model   Wiley Interscience Required
Qi, L. (2003)

Aid versus Trade Revisited: Donor and Recipient Policies in the Presence of Learning-by-Doing   Wiley Interscience Required
Adam, C.S. & S. A O'Connell (2003)

Financial Globalization, Portfolio Diversification, and the Pattern of International Trade
Koren, M. (2003)

Tariffs and the Great Depression Revisited   Acrobat Required
Crucini, M.J. & J. Kahn (2003)

Optimal Integration Strategies for the Multinational Firm | Published   Recommended!   ScienceDirect Required
Grossman, G.M., E. Helpman & A. Szeidl (2003/06)

Abstract: We examine integration strategies of multinational firms that face a rich array of choices of international organization. Each firm in an industry must provide headquarter services from its home country, produce intermediate inputs, and assemble the intermediate goods into final products. Both production of intermediate goods and assembly can be performed at home, in another Northern' country, in the low-wage South,' or in several of these locations. We study the equilibrium choices of firms that differ in productivity (and thus size), focusing on the role of industry characteristics such as the fixed costs of foreign subsidiaries, the cost of transporting intermediate and final goods, and the share of the consumer market that resides in the South in determining optimal integration strategies.

International outsourcing and factor prices with multistage production   Wiley Interscience Required
Kohler, W. (2004)

Factor Proportions and the Structure of Commodity Trade   Ingenta Select Required   Recommended!
Romalis, J. (2004)

Abstract: This paper examines how factor proportions determine the structure of commodity trade. It integrates a many-country version of a Heckscher-Ohlin model with a continuum of goods with Paul R. Krugman's (1980) model of monopolistic competition and transport costs. The commodity structure of production and bilateral trade is fully determined. Two main predictions emerge. Countries capture larger shares of world production and trade of commodities that more intensively use their abundant factors. Countries that rapidly accumulate a factor see their production and export structures systematically shift towards industries that intensively use that factor. Both predictions receive support from detailed trade data.

Mergers and the Composition of International Commerce
Nocke, V. & S. Yeaple (2004)

Specific Factors, Learning, and the Dynamics of Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
Bajona, C. (2004)

The Impact Of Regulatory Stringency On The Foreign Direct Investment Of Global Pharmaceutical Firms   Acrobat Required
Ahlering, B. (2004)

Trade, Foreign Direct Investment or Acquisition: Optimal Entry Modes for Multinationals | Published   Adobe Acrobat Required   ScienceDirect Required
Eicher, T. & J.W. Kang (2004/2005)

Why Some Firms Export   Ingenta Select Required
Bernard, A.B. & J.B. Jensen (2004)

International Trade and Macroeconomic Dynamics with Heterogeneous Firms | Published   Ingenta Select Required
Ghironi, F. & M.J. Melitz (2004)

Variety Growth and World Welfare   Ingenta Select Required
Broda, C. & D.W. Weinstein (2004)

Learning on the Quick and Cheap: Gains from Trade Through Imported Expertise
Markusen, J.R. & T.F. Rutherford (2004)

Managerial incentives and the international organization of production   ScienceDirect Required
Grossman, G.M. & E. Helpman (2004)

A Theory of North-South Trade and Globalization | Published   Adobe Acrobat Required   ScienceDirect Required
Segerstrom, P. & E. Dinopoulos (2004/10)

When trade requires coordination   ScienceDirect Required
Katz, K. & A. Matsui (2004)

Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms
Bernard, A.B., S. Redding & P.K. Schott (2004)

The Impact of Trade on Intraindustry Reallocation and Aggregate Industry Productivity: A Comment
Baldwin, R.E. & F. Robert-Nicoud (2004)

Quality, trade, and growth   ScienceDirect Required
Fan, C.S. (2004)

Social Networks and Trade Liberalization
Pandey, M. & J. Whalley (2004)

The Home-Market Effect and Bilateral Trade Patterns   Ingenta Select Required
Hanson, G.H. & C. Xiang (2004)

Trade Liberalization with Heterogenous Firms
Baldwin, R. & R. Forslid (2004)

Where Ricardo and Mill Rebut and Confirm Arguments of Mainstream Economists Supporting Globalization   Recommended!   Ingenta Select Required
Samuelson, P.A. (2004)

Abstract: Autarky real per capita well being, does not deny that new technical Chinese progress in goods that America previously had competitive advantage in can, ceteris paribus, lower permanently measurable per capita U.S. real income. Nor does it deny that technical progress in China's export goods can, ceteris paribus, hurt permanently her own net measurable per capita real income itself when demand inelasticity prevails. Ergo, the winds of dynamic comparative advantage cannot be counted on to create in each region new net gains of the gainers assuredly greater than the new net losses of the losers. However, correct Ricardian theory does imply that worldwide real income per capita does gain net, so that winners' winnings will suffice worldwide to more than compensate losers' losings--some cold comfort in a scenario of many semi-autonomous nations.

Trade, Tragedy, and the Commons
Copeland, B.R. & M.S. Taylor (2004)

Trade-related Job Loss and Wage Insurance: a Synthetic Review   Wiley Interscience Required
Kletzer, L.G. (2004)

Aspects of International Fragmentation   Wiley Interscience Required
Kohler, W. (2004)

Schumpeterian Growth, North-South Trade and Wage Rigidity
Grieben, W-F. (2004)

Sorting It Out: International Trade and Protection With Heterogeneous Workers | Published   Recommended!
Ohnsorge, F. & D. Trefler (2004/07)

Abstract: Each worker brings a bundle of skills to the workplace, for example, quantitative and communication skills. Since employers must take this bundle as a package deal, they choose workers with just the right mix of skills. We show that international differences in the distribution of worker skill bundles—for example, Japan's abundance of workers with a modest mix of both quantitative and teamwork skills—have important implications for international trade, industrial structure, and domestic income distribution. Formally, we model two-dimensional worker heterogeneity and show that the second moments of the distribution of skills are critical, as in the Roy model.

“Facts available” dumping allegations: when will foreign firms cooperate in antidumping petitions?   ScienceDirect Required
Moore, M.O. (2004)

Government procurement: market access, transparency, and multilateral trade rules   ScienceDirect Required
Evenetta, J.J. & B.M. Hoekman (2004)

The Muddles over Outsourcing   Ingenta Select Required
Bhagwati, J., A. Panagariya & T.N. Srinivasan (2004)

A simple model of firm heterogeneity, international trade, and wages   ScienceDirect Required
Yeaple, S.R. (2004)

Outsourcing in a Global Economy   Wiley Interscience Required
Grossman, G.M. & E. Helpman (2005)
Abstract: We study the determinants of the location of subcontracted activity in a general equilibrium model of outsourcing and trade. We model outsourcing as an activity that requires search for a partner and relationship-specific investments that are governed by incomplete contracts. The extent of international outsourcing depends inter alia on the thickness of the domestic and foreign market for input suppliers, the relative cost of searching in each market, the relative cost of customizing inputs and the nature of the contracting environment in each country.

Trade policy and quality leadership in transition economies   ScienceDirect Required
Moraga-González, J.L. & J-M. Viaene (2005)

Institutional Quality and International Trade
Levchenko, A.A. (2004)

Welfare Effects of Intellectual Property in a North-South Model of Endogenous Growth with Comparative Advantage
Saint-Paul, G. (2004)

International trade and cultural diversity with preference selection   ScienceDirect Required
Bala, V. & N.V. Long (2005)

Optimal Domestic Regulation and the Pattern of Trade
Martimort, D. & T. Verdier (2004)

A Multi-Country Approach to Factor-Proportions Trade and Trade Costs | Alternative | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Markusen, J.R. & A.J. Venables (2005/07)

Outsourcing and Trade in a Spatial World
Egger, H. & P. Egger (2005)

Offshoring in a Knowledge Economy | Published   Ingenta Select Required
Antras, P., L. Garicano, & E. Rossi-Hansberg (2005/06)

Trade and Growth in the Presence of Distortions
Cassing, J. & S. Tokarick (2005)

Anarchy and Autarky: Endogenous Predation as a Barrier to Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
Anderson, J.E. & D. Marcoullier (2005)

A Schumpeterian North-South Growth Model of Trade and Wage Inequality   Wiley Interscience Required
Grieben, W-H. (2005)

Technology Transfer Through Trade
Hoppe, M. (2005)

Comparative Advantage, Relative Wages, and the Accumulation of Human Capital   Recommended!
Teulings, C.N. (2005)

Abstract: I apply Ricardo's principle of comparative advantage to a theory of factor substitutability in a model with a continuum of worker and job types. Highly skilled workers have a comparative advantage in complex jobs. The model satisfies the distance-dependent elasticity of substitution (DIDES) characteristic: substitutability between types declines with their skill distance. I analyze changes in relative wages due to human capital accumulation. The concept of a complexity dispersion parameter or compression elasticity is introduced. Empirical studies suggest its value to be equal to two: a 1 percent increase in the stock of human capital reduces the Mincerian return by 2 percent.

R&D Policies, Trade and Process Innovation
Haaland, J.I. & H.J. Kind (2005)

Ricardian comparative advantage with intermediate inputs   ScienceDirect Required
Deardorff, A.V. (2005)

Globalization, globalisation: Trade, technology, and wages   ScienceDirect Required
Ethier, W.J. (2005)

A trade theorist's take on skilled-labor outsourcing   Recommended!   ScienceDirect Required
Deardorff, A.V. (2005)

Abstract: Recent concern has attended the phenomenon of skilled-labor outsourcing, in which firms in the United States and other advanced countries have drawn upon the services of skilled workers in developing countries for activities that they used to do at home. Motivated by this and the fact that such outsourcing would be hard to explain without technological differences, this paper explores theoretically a simple story of outsourcing in which factor proportions and technology interact across activities performed within industries or firms. The model has a single sector in which a final output is produced from two activities that differ in their intensity of use of skilled and unskilled labor. In one activity, the developed world (North) has a technical advantage. In the other it does not, but a new regime makes it possible to outsource it to the developing world (South). The paper shows that this outsourcing, if the countries continue to diversify, causes the wage of unskilled labor in North to fall below that in South. However, if factor endowments differ enough to lead to specialization, then it becomes possible for both factors in North to gain from this form of outsourcing.

Outsourcing and technology spillovers   ScienceDirect Required
Long, N.V. (2005)

Fragmented trade and manufacturing services--Examples for a non-convex general equilibrium   ScienceDirect Required
Wan, H. (2005)

Foreign direct investment and international trade in a continuum Ricardian trade model   ScienceDirect Required
Cheng, L.K., L.D. Qiu & G. Tan (2005)

Trade Liberalization in a Joint Spatial Inter-Temporal Trade Model
Huang, H., J. Whalley, John & S. Zhang (2005)

Market Size, Trade, and Productivity | Published
Melitz, M.J. & G.I.P. Ottaviano (2005/08)

Managed Trade, Trade Liberalisation and Local Pollution
Regibeau, P.M. & A. Gallegos (2005)

Unbundling the Pollution Haven Hypothesis
Taylor, M.S. (2005)

International Outsourcing and Incomplete Contracts   REVIEW PAPER
Spencer, B.J. (2005)

Endowment versus Finance: A Wooden Barrel Theory of International Trade
Ju, J. & S-J. Wei (2005)

Making Sense of Bolkestein-Bashing: Trade Liberalization under Segmented Labor Markets | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Saint-Paul, G. (2005/07)

The Anatomy of Start-Stop Growth   Recommended!
Jones, B.F. & B.A. Olken (2005)
Abstract: This paper investigates the remarkable extremes of growth experiences within countries and examines the changes that occur when growth starts and stops. We find three main results. First, all but the very richest countries experience both growth miracles and failures over substantial periods. Second, growth accounting reveals that physical capital accumulation plays a negligible role in growth take-offs and a larger but still modest role in growth collapses. The implied role of productivity in these shifts is also directly reflected in employment reallocations and changes in trade. Third, growth accelerations and collapses are asymmetric phenomena. Collapses typically feature reduced manufacturing and investment amidst increasing price instability, whereas growth takeoffs are primarily associated with large and steady expansions in international trade. This asymmetry suggests that the roads into and out of rapid growth expansions may not be the same. The results stand in contrast to much growth theory and conventional wisdom: despite much talk of poverty traps, even very poor countries regularly grow rapidly, and the role of aggregate investment in growth accelerations is negligible.

Heckscher–Ohlin revisited: implications of differential population dynamics for trade within an overlapping generations framework   ScienceDirect Required
Sayan, S. (2005)

Specialization and non-renewable resources: Ricardo meets Ricardo   ScienceDirect Required
Chakravorty, U., D. Krulce & J. Roumasset (2005)

The big push, industrialization and international trade: The role of exports   ScienceDirect Required
Trindade, V. (2005)

Trade and Growth: Reconciling the Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Evidence   Wiley Interscience Required   REVIEW PAPER
Lopez, R.A. (2005)

Parallel Trade, International Exhaustion and Intellectual Property Rights: A Welfare Analysis
Valletti, T. & S. Szymanski (2005)

Reciprocal Dumping with Bertrand Competition
Friberg, R. & M. Ganslandt (2005)

Trade, Multinational Sales, and FDI in a Three-factor Model   Wiley Interscience Required
Egger, P. & M. Pfaffermayr (2005)

How trade saved humanity from biological exclusion: an economic theory of Neanderthal extinction   ScienceDirect Required
Horan, R.D., E. Bulte & J.F. Shogren (2005)

The trade distorting effect of state trading enterprises in importing countries   ScienceDirect Required
McCorriston, S. & D. MacLaren (2005)

Airplanes and Comparative Advantage
Harrigan, J. (2005)

Brain Gain: Claims about Its Size and Impact on Welfare and Growth are Greatly Exaggerated
Schiff, M. (2005)

How barriers to international trade affect TFP   ScienceDirect Required
Herrendorf, B. & A. Teixeira (2005)

Changes in Infrastructure and Tariff Barriers: Local Vs. Global Impacts
Behrens, K., A.R. Lamorgese, G.I.P. Ottaviano & T. Tabuchi (2005)

Y2K and Offshoring: The Role of External Economies and Firm Heterogeneity
Mitra, D. & P. Ranjan (2005)

Trade and Turnover: Theory and Evidence   Wiley Interscience Required
Davidson, C. & S.J. Matusz (2005)

Multinationals, Endogenous Growth, and Technological Spillovers: Theory and Evidence   Wiley Interscience Required
Baldwin, R., H. Braconier & R. Forslid (2005)

How Robust is Comparative Advantage?   Wiley Interscience Required
Deardorff, A. (2005)

Endowment Versus Finance: A Wooden Barrel Theory of International Trade
J. Ju & S-J. Wei (2005)

Can Deunionization Lead to International Outsourcing?   Acrobat Required
Lommerud, K.E., F. Meland & O.R. Straume (2005)

Buyer Investment, Product Variety, and Intrafirm Trade
Feenstra, R.C. & Y. Chen (2005)

Foreign Subsidization and the Excess Capacity Hypothesis
Blonigen, B.A. & W.W. Wilson (2005)

Do Countries Free Ride on MFN?
Ludema, R.D. & A.M. Mayda (2005)

Modeling the Offshoring of White-Collar Services: From Comparative Advantage to the New Theories of Trade and FDI
Markusen, J. (2005)

Trade in Ideal Varieties: Theory and Evidence
Hummels, D. & V. Lugovskyy (2005)

Rethinking the Gains from Immigration: Theory and Evidence from the U.S.
Ottaviano, G.I.P. & G. Peri (2005)

Globalisation and union opposition to technological change   ScienceDirect Required
Lommerud, K.E., F. Meland & O.R. Straume (2005)

A Spatial Theory of Trade   Ingenta Select Required
Rossi-Hansberg, E. (2005)

Contractual Versus Generic Outsourcing: The Role of Proximity
Feenstra, R.C. & B.J. Spencer (2005)

Neckties in the Tropics: A Model of International Trade and Cultural Diversity
Rauch, J.E. & V. Trindade (2005)

Oligopoly and Outsourcing   Acrobat Required
Bandyopadhay, S. & H.J. Wall (2006)

Trade, FDI, and the Organization of Firms
Helpman, E. (2006)

Competing for a Duopoly: International Trade and Tax Competition
Ferrett, B. & I. Wooton (2006)

Economic Development Under Alternative Trade Regimes   Wiley Interscience Required
Castro, R. (2006)

Global Production and Currency Devaluation   Wiley Interscience Required
Zhao, L. & Y. Xing (2006)

Long-run Lunacy, Short-run Sanity: a Simple Model of Trade with Labor Market Turnover   Wiley Interscience Required
Davidson, C. & S.J. Matusz (2006)

Strategic Exports and R&D with Internationally Mobile Skilled Labor and Exchange Rate Volatility   Wiley Interscience Required
Lahiri, S. & F. Mesa (2006)

Multinational Firms and Strategic FDI Subsidies   Wiley Interscience Required
Ishii, Y. (2006)

Equilibrium Allele Distribution in Trading Populations
Gilles, S-P. (2006)

What You Export Matters
Hausmann, R., J. Hwang & D. Rodrik (2006)

Trade Liberalization with Heterogenous Firms
Baldwin, R.E. & R. Forslid (2006)

Pattern of trade and indeterminacy   ScienceDirect Required
Naito, T. (2006)

Organizing Offshoring: Middle Managers and Communication Costs
Antras, P., L. Garicano & E. Rossi-Hansberg (2006)

Trade and the Great Divergence: The Family Connection | Published   Ingenta Select Required
Galor, O. & A. Mountford (2006)

Elasticity of risk aversion and international trade   ScienceDirect Required
Broll, U., J.E. Wahl & W-K. Wong (2006)

Multinational Corporations, Stackelberg Leadership, and Tariff-jumping   Wiley Interscience Required
Dixon, S. (2006)

On the Equivalence of Ad Valorem Tariffs and Specific Tariffs under Duopoly   Wiley Interscience Required
Shea, K.L. & E.Y.P. Shea (2006)

Modeling Cultural Barriers in International Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
Konya, I. (2006)

Trade and Growth with Heterogenous Firms | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Baldwin, R.E. & F. Robert-Nicoud (2006/08)

Tariffs, licensing and market structure   ScienceDirect Required
Mukherjee, A. & E. Pennings (2006)

International Trade with Competitiveness Effects in R&D
Pires, A.J.G. (2006)

Trade Liberalization and Compensation   Wiley Interscience Required
Davidson, C. & S.J. Matusz (2006)

Innovation, Diffusion, and Trade
Eaton, J. & S. Kortum (2006)

Modelling the Impact of Trade Liberalisation: A Critique of Computable General Equilibrium Models   Acrobat Required
Taylor, L. & R. von Arnim (2006)

Tariffs vs Quotas in a Model of Trade with Capital Accumulation   Wiley Interscience Required
Calzolari, G. & L. Lambertini (2006)

International Trade and Growth Miracles: the Implications of Nonhomothetic Preferences   Wiley Interscience Required
Mountford, A. (2006)

Factor Price Equalization in a World of Many Trading Countries   Wiley Interscience Required
Kemp, M.C. (2006)

Parallel Imports and Price Controls
Grossman, G.M. & E. C.-L. Lai (2006)

On the Determinants of Exporters' Currency Pricing: History vs. Expectations
Fukuda, S-i. & M. Ono (2006)

Home and Regional Biases and Border Effects in Armington Type Models
Whalley, J. & X. Xin (2006)

Trade, skill acquisition and distribution   ScienceDirect Required
Das, S.P. (2006)

People Flows in Globalization   Ingenta Select Required
Freeman, R.B. (2006)

Substitution in Markusen's classic trade and factor movement complementarity models
Schiff, M. (2006)

Fixed Transport Costs and International Trade   Acrobat Required!
Laussel, D. & R.G. Riezman (2006)

Eli Heckscher, International Trade, and Economic History   CONFERENCE VOLUME
Findlay, R., R.G.H. Henriksson, H. Lindgren & M. Lundahl (2006)

Outsourcing, Contracts and Innovation Networks
Naghavi, A. & G.I.P. Ottaviano (2006)

Demographics in Dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin Models: Overlapping Generations Versus Infinitely Lived Consumers
Bajona, C. & T.J. Kehoe (2006)

Trade, Growth, and Convergence in a Dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin Model
Bajona, c. & T.J. Kehoe (2006)

Can South-South Trade Liberalisation Stimulate North-South Trade?
Fugazza, M. & F.L. Robert-Nicoud (2006)

Trade Integration, Firm Selection and the Costs of Non-Europe
Del Gatto, M., G. Mion & G.I.P. Ottaviano (2006)

The Openness Growth Monitoring Model   ScienceDirect Required
Estrada, M.A.R. & S.F. Yap (2006)

Technological Improvements and Comparative Advantage Reconsidered   Acrobat Required!
Shachmurove, Y. & U. Spiegel (2006)

Clusters and comparative advantage: Implications for industrial policy   ScienceDirect Required
Rodríguez-Clare, A. (2006)

Simultaneous Reform of Tariffs and Quotas   Wiley Interscience Required
Neary, J.P. (2007)

Teaching Locals New Tricks: Foreign Experts as a Channel of Knowledge Transfers
Markusen, J.R. & N. Trofimenko (2007)

Pricing-to-Market in a Ricardian Model of International Trade
Atkeson, A. & A. Burstein (2007)

Firm heterogeneity, exporting and foreign direct investment   Wiley Interscience Required
Greenaway, D. & R. Kneller (2007)

Offshoring: General Equilibrium Effects on Wages, Production and Trade
Baldwin, R. & F. Robert-Nicoud (2007)

Institutions and moral hazard in open economies   ScienceDirect Required
Vogel, J. (2007)

Foreign Firms, Domestic Wages
Malchow-Moller, N., J.R. Markusen & B. Schjerning (2007)

Policy Distortions and Aggregate Productivity with Heterogeneous Plants
Restuccia, D. & R. Rogerson (2007)

Intellectual Property Rights, Imitation, and Foreign Direct Investment: Theory and Evidence
Branstetter, L., R. Fisman, C.F. Foley & K. Saggi (2007)

Unbalanced Trade
Dekle, R., J. Eaton & S. Kortum (2007)

International trade and consumption network externalities   ScienceDirect Required
Janeba, E. (2007)

International Technology Transfer: Who Gains and Who Loses?   Wiley Interscience Required
Ruffin, R.J. & R.W. Jones (2007)

Volatility, Labor Market Flexibility, and the Pattern of Comparative Advantage
Cunat, A. & M.J. Melitz (2007)

Offshoring and Product Innovation
Naghavi, A. & G.I.P. Ottaviano (2007)

Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, and Trade Liberalization
Davis, D.R. & J. Harrigan (2007)

Sub-national Differentiation and the Role of the Firm in Optimal International Pricing
Balistreri, E.J. & J.R. Markusen (2007)

Outsourcing and Volatility
Bergin, P.R., R.C. Feenstra & G.H. Hanson (2007)

Offshoring and Unemployment
Mitra, D. & P. Ranjan (2007)

Offshoring in a Ricardian World
Rodriguez-Clare, A. (2007)

Zeros, Quality and Space: Trade Theory and Trade Evidence
Baldwin, R. & J. Harrigan (2007)

On the equivalence of quantitative trade restrictions and tariffs   ScienceDirect Required
Dellas, H., A. Fernandes & K. Neusser (2007)

Inefficient trade patterns: Excessive trade, cross-hauling and dumping   ScienceDirect Required
Eden, B. (2007)

Immigration and Native Welfare   Wiley Interscience Required
Felbermayr, G.J. & W. Kohler (2007)

A Note on Production Efficiency in Oligopolistic Trade Models   Wiley Interscience Required
Ghosh, A. (2007)

Why are Trade Agreements Regional?
Zissimos, B. (2007)

International Outsourcing under Monopolistic Competition: Winners and Losers   Acrobat Required
Do, V.D. & V.L. Ngo (2007)

Innovation, firm dynamics, and international trade
Atkeson, A. & A. Burstein (2007)

Trade and Development in a Labor Surplus Economy
Barbier, E.B. & M. Rauscher (2007)

Firms in International Trade
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen, S.J. Redding & P.K. Schott (2007)

Transportation Costs and International Trade in the Second Era of Globalization
Hummels, D. (2007)

A Profile of the World's Young Developing Country Migrants
McKenzie, D. (2007)

Labor Market Rigidities, Trade and Unemployment
Helpman, E. & O. Itskhoki (2007)

Export restraints in a model of trade with capital accumulation   ScienceDirect Required
Calzolari, G. & L. Lambertini (2007)

North-South Trade and Directed Technical Change   Acrobat Required
Bonfiglioli, A. & G. Gancia (2007)

Technology adoption and the selection effect of trade
Navas-Ruiz, A. & D. Sala (2007)

Is International Trade a Substitute for Migration?
Carbaugh, R.J. (2007)

International Outsourcing and the Supply Side Productivity Determinants   Acrobat Required
Grover, A. (2007)

Trade Shocks and Labor Adjustment: Theory
Cameron, S., S. Chaudhuri & J. McLaren (2007)

Some Simple Analytics of Trade and Labor Mobility
Chaudhuri, S. & J. McLaren (2007)

Trade Gains and Public Goods   Wiley Interscience Required
Shimomura, K. (2007)

Trade Liberalization, Competition and Growth   Acrobat Required
Licandro, O. & Antonio Navas-Ruiz (2007)

On Chamberlinian-Ricardian Trade Patterns   Recommended!   Wiley Interscience Required
Kikuchi, T., K. Shimomura & Z. Dao-Zhi (2007)

Abstract: This study provides a simple, many-industry model of trade which emphasizes the interaction between cross-country technical heterogeneity (i.e., a Ricardian aspect) and monopolistic competition among producers of differentiated products (i.e., a Chamberlinian aspect) as determinants of trade patterns. It is shown that the emergence of intra-industry trade is crucially dependent on the shape of the technology index schedule, which is obtained as a step-function.

Trade and the distribution of human capital   ScienceDirect Required
Bougheas, S. & R. Riezman (2007)

Immiserizing deindustrialization: A dynamic trade model with credit constraints   ScienceDirect Required
Chesnokova, T. (2007)

A knowledge-and-physical-capital model of international trade flows, foreign direct investment, and multinational enterprises   ScienceDirect Required
Bergstrand, J.H. & P. Egger (2007)

Quality, Trade and the Moving Window: The Globalisation Process   Wiley Interscience Required
Sutton, J. (2007)

Endogenous Entry, Product Variety, and Business Cycles
Bilbiie, F., F. Ghironi & M.J. Melitz (2007)

Trade and Wages: a Deeper Investigation   Wiley Interscience Required
Jones, R.W. & R.J. Ruffin (2008)

Path Interdependence in a Dynamic Two Country Heckscher-Ohlin Model   Acrobat Required
Gaitan, B. & T.L. Roe (2007)

What Goods Do Countries Trade? New Ricardian Predictions
Costinot, A. & I. Komunjer (2007)

International Trade in Durable Goods: Understanding Volatility, Cyclicality, and Elasticities
Engel, C. & J. Wang (2008)

Inventories, Lumpy Trade, and Large Devaluations
Alessandria, G., J. Kaboski & V. Midrigan (2008)

Endogenous firm heterogeneity and the dynamics of trade liberalization   ScienceDirect Required
Ederington, J. & P. McCalman (2008)

Export variety and country productivity: Estimating the monopolistic competition model with endogenous productivity   ScienceDirect Required
Feenstra, R. & H.L. Kee (2008)

The Greater the Differences, the Greater the Gains?   Acrobat Required
Ethier, W.J. (2008)

Endogenous Variety and the Gains from Trade
Arkolakis, C., S. Demidova, P.J. Klenow & A. Rodriguez-Clare (2008)

Delay and dynamics in labor market adjustment: Simulation results   ScienceDirect Required
Artuç, E., S. Chaudhuri & J. McLaren (2008)

Globalization and specialization   ScienceDirect Required
Eckel, C. (2008)

Outsourcing and Optimal Nonlinear Taxation: A Note   Acrobat Required
Aronsson, T. & E. Koskela (2008)

Does Trade Foster Contract Enforcement?
Anderson, J.E. (2008)

The technology transfer paradox   ScienceDirect Required
Jones, R.W. & R.J. Ruffin (2008)

Wages, Unemployment and Inequality with Heterogeneous Firms and Workers
Helpman, E., O. Itskhoki & S. Redding (2008)

Contracts, Hold-Up, and Exports: Textiles and Opium in Colonial India   Ingenta Select Required
Kranton, R. & A.V. Swamy (2008)

Trade adjustment and the composition of trade   ScienceDirect Required
Erceg, C.J., L. Guerrieri & C. Gust (2008)

Fairness, Trade, and Inequality   Acrobat Required
Egger, H. & U. Kreickemeier (2008)

The emergence of property rights enforcement in early trade: A behavioral model without reputational effects   ScienceDirect Required
Hodgson, G.M. & T. Knudsen (2008)

Wage inequality in a dual economy and international mobility of factors: Do factor intensities always matter?   ScienceDirect Required
Chaudhuri, S. (2008)

Fixed export cost heterogeneity, trade and welfare   ScienceDirect Required
Jřrgensen, J.G. & P.J.H. Schröder (2008)

External Economies and International Trade Redux
Grossman, G.M. & E. Rossi-Hansberg (2008)

Globalization of production and the technology transfer paradox   Acrobat Required
Lai, E. (2008)

Inequality and Unemployment in a Global Economy
Helpman, E., O. Itskhoki & S. Redding (2008)

Credit Constraints, Heterogeneous Firms, and International Trade
Manova, K. (2008)

Task Trade between Similar Countries
Grossman, G.M. & E. Rossi-Hansberg (2008)

The dynamics of trade and competition   ScienceDirect Required
Chen, N., J. Imbs & A. Scott (2008)

Global Production and Trade in the Knowledge Economy
Keller, W. & S.R. Yeaple (2008)

Gravity, Productivity and the Pattern of Production and Trade
Anderson, J.E. (2008)

An Elementary Theory of Comparative Advantage | Published   Wiley Interscience Required
Costinot, A. (2009) Comparative advantage, whether driven by technology or factor endowment, is at the core of neoclassical trade theory. Using tools from the mathematics of complementarity, this paper offers a simple yet unifying perspective on the fundamental forces that shape comparative advantage. The main results characterize sufficient conditions on factor productivity and factor supply to predict patterns of international specialization in a multifactor generalization of the Ricardian model which we refer to as an "elementary neoclassical economy." These conditions, which hold for an arbitrarily large number of countries, goods, and factors, generalize and extend many results from the previous trade literature. They also offer new insights about the joint effects of technology and factor endowments on international specialization.

Firm Heterogeneity and the Labor Market Effects of Trade Liberalization   Wiley Interscience Required
Egger, H. & U. Kreickemeier (2009)

Bi-sourcing in the global economy   ScienceDirect Required
Du, J., Y. Lu & Z. Tao (2009)

On the origins of comparative advantage   ScienceDirect Required
Costinot, A. (2009)

Trust and Trade
Nupia, O. (2009)

Sustained Comparative Advantage and Semi-Endogenous Growth
Petsas, I. (2009)

Income Effects, Wealth Effects, and Multiple Equilibria in Trade Models with Durable Goods   Wiley Interscience Required
Bond, E.W. & R.A. Driskill (2009)

Firms' Exporting Behavior under Quality Constraints
Hallak, J.C. & J. Sivadasan (2009)

Comparative Advantage, Complexity and Volatility
Krishna, P. & A.A. Levchenko (2009)

Trade, Offshoring, and the Invisible Handshake
Karabay, B. & J. McLaren (2009)

Skill Dispersion and Trade Flows
Bombardini, M., G. Gallipoli & G. Pupato (2009)

The Increasing Returns Revolution in Trade and Geography   Ingenta Select Required
Krugman, P.R. (2009)

International Trade and Industrial Dynamics   Wiley Interscience Required
Ederington, J. & P. McCalman (2009)

Offshoring and Unemployment: The Role of Search Frictions and Labor Minority   Acrobat Required
Mitra, D. & P. Rajan (2009)

International Trade and Growth: The Impact of Selection and Imitation   Acrobat Required
Stolting, S.Trade, wages, and productivity
Behrens, K., G. Mion, Y. Murata & J. Südekum (2009)

Globalization and Individual Gains from Trade
Behrens, K. & Y. Murata (2009)

Migration and trade: Theory with an application to the Eastern–Western European integration   ScienceDirect Required
Iranzo, S. & G. Peri (2009)

Rybczynski's Theorem in the Heckscher–Ohlin World — Anything Goes   ScienceDirect Required
Opp, M.M., H.F. Sonnenschein & C.G. Tombazos (2009)

Trade Agreements, Bargaining and Economic Growth   Acrobat Required
Maoz, Y., D. Peled & A. Sarid (2009)

Income Distribution, Product Quality, and International Trade
Fajgelbaum, P.D., G.M. Grossman & E. Helpman (2009)

On the Dynamics of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory   Acrobat Required
Caliendo, L. (2009)

Unions, competition and international trade in general equilibrium   ScienceDirect Required
Bastos, P. & U. Kreickemeier (2009)

Multiple cones, factor price differences and the factor content of trade   ScienceDirect Required
Bernhofen, D.M. (2009)

Trade, Firm Structure, and Migration of Talent   Acrobat Required
Khraiche, M. (2009)

Financial Choice in a Non-Ricardian Model of Trade
Russ, K.N. & D. Valderrama (2009)

Foreign direct investment, international trade, and firm heterogeneity   ScienceDirect Required
Nishiyama, H. & M. Yamaguchi (2009)

Two and a Half Theories of Trade
Neary, J.P. (2009)

Multi-Product Firms and Flexible Manufacturing in the Global Economy   Wiley Interscience Required
Eckel, C. & J.P. Neary (2009)

Trade, Multinational Production, and the Gains from Trade
Ramondo, N. & A. Rodriguez-Clare (2009)

Trade Structure and Equilibrium Indeterminacy in a Two-Country Model   Acrobat Required
Hu, Y. & K. Mino (2009)

New Trade Models, Same Old Gains?
Arkolakis, C., A. Costinot & A. Rodriguez-Clare (2010)

Import substitution and economic growth   ScienceDirect Required
Rodrigues, M. (2010)

Intermediated Trade
Antrŕs, P. & A. Costinot (2010)

Which Parts of Globalization Matter for Catch-up Growth?
Romer, P.M. (2010)


(2010)


(2010)

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Trade Policy

Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy under Oligopoly   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Eaton, J. & G.M. Grossman (1986)

Abstract: In this paper we provide an integrative treatment of the welfare effects of trade and industrial policy under oligopoly, and characterize qualitatively the form that optimal intervention takes under a variety of assumptions about the number of firms, the substitutability of their products, and the markets in which they are sold. We find that when no domestic consumption occurs, optimal policy under duopoly with a single home firm depends on the difference between the firms' actual responses to their rivals and their response to their rivals' conjecture. If conjectures are consistent, free trade is optimal. A tax or subsidy is indicated depending on the size of the difference between the conjectured and actual response. With more than one home firm but still no domestic consumption, an export tax is indicated if conjectures are consistent. Production subsidies and export tax-cum-subsidies can raise national welfare in the presence of domestic consumption, because these policies can mitigate the extent of the consumption distortion implicit in the derivation of price from marginal cost.

Trade Liberalization and Trade Adjustment Assistance   Recommended!   Acrobat Required
Fung, K.C. & R.W. Staiger (1994)

Abstract: We explore the relationship between trade adjustment subsidies and successful reciprocal trade liberalization. We consider economies that are faced with a periodic need to move resources out of a declining import-competing sector, and that are attempting to sustain cooperative but self-enforcing trade agreements in the face of these adjustment needs. If the limitations associated with enforcement of international trade agreements are sufficiently severe, trade adjustment assistance can facilitate reciprocal trade liberalization. We argue that this suggests a possible efficiency rationale for adjustment policies that treat resources differently when traded sectors are involved.

The New Liberalism: Trade Policy Developments in Emerging Markets
Drabek, Z. & S. Laird (1997)

What Should Trade Negotiators Negotiate About?   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Krugman, P. (1997)

Abstract: In recent years there have been growing demands to make trade liberalization contingent on adoption of common labor and environmental standards. The straightforward economic answer is that this makes little sense: neither the gains from trade nor the gains from appropriate regulation are compromised if other countries impose standards that are weaker than your own. It is possible to offer second-bet economic rationales for harmonization, but these are empirically unconvincing. The only serious argument in favor or regulation is political: that regulation which is in the national interest may not be politically feasible unless other countries do the same.

Free versus Fair Trade: The Dumping Issue
Klitgaard, T. & K. Schiele (1998)

On the Effect of the Internet on International Trade
Freund, C. & D. Weinhold (2000)

Vertical Price Control and Parallel Imports: Theory and Evidence
Maskus, K.E. & Y. Chen (2000)

Catching Up with the Competition: Trade Opportunities and Challenges for Arab Countries   Recommended!   CONFERENCE VOLUME
Hoekman, B. & J. Zarrouk (2000)

Abstract: At a time when countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are joining the World Trade Organization, the lack of an economically sound analysis of trade policies in the region is especially notable. This volume remedies the situation by bringing together a distinguished group of applied trade economists to provide a broad view of the state of trade in and among the region's nations. The contributors provide original empirical analyses on key reform issues, and their work reflects deep knowledge of government concerns and policies.

Trade Policy during the Transition. Lessons form the 1990s   Acrobat Required!
Hare, P.G. (2000)

Labor Demand and Trade Reform in Latin America
Fajnzylber, P. & W.F. Maloney (2000)

Trade Policy of Transition Economics   Acrobat Required
Moraga, J.L. & J.M. Viaene (2001)

Free Trade in the Americas: Policy Recommendations and Issue Papers   Acrobat Required
North-South Centre & Institute of the Americas (2001)

On 'Indirect' Trade-Related Research and Development Spillovers
Lumenga-Neso, O., M. Olarreaga & M. Schiff (2001)

World Bank to "intensify" work on trade
Bretton Woods Project (2001)

Keiretsu and Relationship-Specific Investment: Implications for Market-Opening Trade Policy
Qiu, L.D. & B.J. Spencer (2001)

Market Access for Developing Countries' Exports   Acrobat Required
IMF & World Bank (2001)

Shaping Future GATS Rules for Trade in Services
Mattoo, A. (2001)

The WTO Agreement and Telecommunications Policy Reform
Cowhey, P. & M.M. Klimenko (2001)

Too many codes of practice? Towards cohesion and sustainability in ethical trade
Blowfield, M. (2001)

Eliminating Excessive Tariffs on Exports of Least Developed Countries
Hoekman, B., F. Ng & M. Olarreaga (2001)

Standards and Related Regulations in International Trade: A Modeling Approach
Ganslandt, M. & J.R. Markusen (2001)

Services in the International Economy   Recommended!   CONFERENCE VOLUME
Stern, R.M. (ed) (2001)

Abstract: This book contains selected papers from the First World Services Congress, a forum designed to enhance awareness of the increasingly important role of services in the global economy and to reach out to governments, the business community, international organizations, academicians, and the media. The Congress served as a vehicle for the presentation and discussion of academic research on the entire spectrum of services issues, as well as business options and issues.

India's Reform of External Sector Policies and Future Multilateral Trade Negotiations   Acrobat Required
Srinivasan, T.N. (2001)

Antidumping
Blonigen, B.A. & T.J. Prusa (2001)

The Economic and Strategic Motives for Antidumping Filings
Prusa, T.J. & S. Skeath (2001)

Trim sovereignty or let investment flow? GATT, multinationals and developing countries
Morrissey, O. (2001)

Ethical trade futures: strategies for campaigners
Zadek, S. (2001)

WTO, Agriculture, and Developing Countries
Díaz-Bonilla, E., S. Robinson, M. Thomas & Y. Yanoma (2001) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W4F-4F19SST-1&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F2005&_alid=245863425&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=6541&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000059601&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4428&md5=b78f1212156a3fe4dbb41511915d2477

Why Are Some People (and Countries) More Protectionist Than Others? | Published
Mayda, A.M. & D. Rodrik (2001/2005)

Dynamic Pricing in the Presence of Antidumping Policy: Theory and Evidence
Blonigen, B.A. & J.H. Park (2001)

Punishment and Dispute Settlement in Trade Agreements   Recommended!   Acrobat Required
Ethier, W.J. (2001)

Abstract: This paper interprets dispute settlement procedures and punishments as responses to the fact that trade agreements are incomplete contracts. If no weight is given to the adjudication phase and if the degree of trade relatedness is known with certainty, the negotiated trade agreement will feature commensurate punishments, will induce violation of the dispute settlement ruling, and will deliver optimal liberalization and optimal unilateral trade-related action. With the adjudication phase of concern, the trade agreement will feature less liberalization, but still with a presumption of at least approximate commensurate punishment. The optimal trade agreement will likely induce abiding by the ruling when negotiators attach more importance to the adjudication phase, and violating it when they attach less.

WTO vs ethical trade: mutually inclusive or miles apart?
Tallontire, A. & M. Blowfield (2001)

Abstract: How does the World Trade Organisation view ethical trade? Do Eco-labelling and forest certification schemes break WTO rules? Do they create trade impediments? What external factors might alter the impact of ethical trade?

Measuring Services Trade Liberalization and its Impact on Economic Growth: An Illustration
Mattoo, A., R. Rathindran & A. Subramanian (2001)

Global Trade and Food Safety: Winners and Losers in a Fragmented System
Wilson, J.S. & T. Otsuki (2001)

EU trade policy and development objectives: out of synch?
Stevens, C. & J. Kennan (2001)

Signing up to the WTO
Laird, S. (2001)

Post-Seattle blues: whither the WTO?
Laird, S. (2001)

Trade Liberalisation and Poverty: A Handbook
McCulloch, N., X. Cirera & A. Winters (2001)

International Cartel Enforcement: Lessons from the 1990s   Recommended!
Evenett, S.J., M.C. Levenstein & V.Y. Suslow (2001)

Abstract: The enforcement record of the 1990s shows that private international cartels are not defunct—nor do they always fall quickly under the weight of their own incentive problems. Of a sample of 40 such cartels prosecuted by the United States and the European Union in the 1990s, 24 lasted at least four years. And for the 20 cartels in this sample where sales data are available, the annual worldwide turnover in affected products exceeded $30 billion. National competition policies address harm in domestic markets, and in some cases prohibit cartels without taking strong enforcement measures. Evenett, Levenstein, and Suslow propose a series of reforms to national policies and steps to enhance international cooperation that will strengthen the deterrents against international cartelization. Furthermore, the authors argue that aggressive prosecution of cartels must be complemented by vigilance in other areas of competition policy. If not, firms will respond to the enhanced deterrents to cartelization by merging or by taking other measures that lessen competitive pressures.

International Protection of Intellectual Property | Published   Ingenta Select Required
Grossman, G. & E.L.C. Lai (2002)

Antidumping as Safeguard Policy
Finger, J.M., F. Ng & S, Wangchuk (2001)

Did Import Substitution Promote Growth in the Late Nineteenth Century?
Irwin, D.A. (2002)

Quantity Controls, License Transferability, and the Level of Investment
Krishna, K., L.H. Tan & R. Ranjan (2002)

One Reason Countries Pay their Debts: Renegotiation and International Trade
Rose, A.K. (2002)

Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization
Reimer, J.J. (2002)

Dirty Exports and Environmental Regulation: Do Standards Matter to Trade?
Wilson, J.S., T. Otsuki & M. Sewadeh (2002)

Liberalizing Trade in Agriculture: Developing Countries in Asia and the Post-Doha Agenda
Wilson, J.S. (2002)

Tariff-jumping FDI and Domestic Firms' Profits Adobe Acrobat Required
Blonigen, B.A., K. Tomlin & W.W. Wilson (2002)

Cap and Trade Policies in the Presence of Monopoly and Distortionary Taxation
Fullerton, D. & G.E. Metcalf (2002)

Trade Policy Reform and Poverty Alleviation   Acrobat Required!
Hoekman, B., C. Michalopoulos, M. Schiff & D. Tarr (2002)

Liberalization of Trade in Financial Services and Financial Sector Stability (Analytical Approach)
Kireyev, A.P. (2002)

Trade Openness, Investment Instability and Terms-of-Trade Volatility
Razin, A., E. Sadka & T. Coury (2002)

Do We Really Know that the WTO Increases Trade? | Published   Ingenta Select Required
Rose, A.K. (2002/04)

Do WTO Members have More Liberal Trade Policy? | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Rose, A.K. (2002)

The Perversity of Preferences: The Generalized System of Preferences and Developing Country Trade Policies, 1976-2000
Ozden, C. & E. Reinhardt (2003)

The Response of the Informal Sector to Trade Liberalization
Goldberg, P.K. & N. Pavcnik (2003)

Border Delays and Trade Liberalization
Cudmore, E. & J. Whalley (2003)

Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm-Level Evidence from the United States
Keller, W. & S.R. Yeaple (2003)

Was It Stolper-Samuelson, Infant Industry or Something Else? World Trade Tariffs 1789-1938
Williamson, J.G. (2003)

Selective Information Provision and Special Interest Influence: The Case of Trade Policy
Belfrage, C.J. (2003)

Industrial Tariffs and the Doha Development Agenda   Acrobat Required!
Bacchetta, M. & B. Bora (2003)

Antidumping and retaliation threats   ScienceDirect Required
Blonigen, B.A. & C.P. Bown (2003)

Trade Policy and Industrial Sector Responses: Using Evolutionary Models to Interpret the Evidence
Erdem, E. & J. Tybout (2003)

Breaking the WTO logjam: towards enforceable special and differential treatment
Stevens, C. (2003)

Crimes and Punishments? Retaliation under the WTO   Recommended!
Lawrence, R.Z. (2003)

Abstract: It is ironic that the WTO, whose goal is promoting freer trade, authorizes its members to retaliate against violations by raising tariffs. Indeed, at last count, the WTO authorized more protection on US exports to Europe than were removed on these exports as a result of the Uruguay Round. Critics also contend that such retaliation has failed to induce members to comply with its rules, that it undermines national sovereignty, and that it is inherently unfair. The author considers the rationale for retaliation and how it is implemented in practice. He then presents a novel proposal for contingent liberalization commitments, which would improve on the current system while preserving its essential character.

Why is there an Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy?   Acrobat Required!
Limăo, N. & A. Panagariya (2003)

Labor Standards and the Free Trade Area of the Americas   Acrobat Required!
Elliott, K.A. (2003)

Economic Implications of China's Accession to the WTO   Acrobat Required!
Li, Y. (2003)

The Consequences of China's WTO Accession on its Neighbors   Acrobat Required!
McKibbin, W.J. & W.T. Woo (2003)

An Experimental Test of Strategic Trade Policy   Adobe Acrobat Required
Engelmann, D. & H-T. Normann (2003)

Trade Liberalisation and Economic Performance: An Overview   Wiley Interscience Required
Winters, L.A. (2004)

Trade Liberalisation and Wages in Developing Countries   Wiley Interscience Required
Arbache, J.S., A. Dickerson & F. Green (2004)

Subsidy Agreements | Published   Ingenta Select Required
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2004/06)

Preempting Protectionism in Services: The GATS and Outsourcing   Adobe Acrobat Required
Mattoo, A. & S. Wunsch (2004)

WTO Negotiations on Market Access in Agriculture: a Comparison of Alternative Tariff Cut Proposals for the EU and the US
Bureau, J-C. & L. Salvatici (2004)

Free Trade Agreements: US Strategies and Priorities   Recommended!
Schott, J.J. (editor) (2004)

Abstract: The sheer number of free trade agreements (FTAs) being pursued by the United States is unprecedented and has provoked major policy questions concerning US interests in the negotiations, the setting of priorities among the prospective FTA partners, the objectives of those partners, and the implications for broader initiatives such as the Doha Round in the World Trade Organization and the Free Trade Area of the Americas. The book makes the conceptual case for FTAs and their implications for the global trading system, examines lessons from past US experience, and analyzes the costs and benefits of specific pacts already being pursued or considered. The book concludes with Schott's recommendations for refocusing US efforts on "big stakes" agreements.

Are Uniform Tariffs Optimal?
Amiti, M. (2004)

Institutions, trade policy and trade flows
Jansen, M. & H.K. Nordĺs (2004)

Trade policy analysis in the presence of duty drawbacks   ScienceDirect Required
Ianchovichina, E. (2004)

The Rise of U.S. Antidumping Actions in Historical Perspective | Alternative
Irwin, D. (2004)

Trade Policy and Global Poverty   Recommended!
Cline, W.R. (2004)

Abstract: In the fight to reduce global poverty, policymakers often focus on government aid to poor countries. This study suggests that industrial-country trade policy is an even more powerful means for alleviating poverty. Cline calculates that global free trade would confer income gains of at least $90 billion annually in developing countries for traditional “static” effects and long-term gains, including dynamic effects, of about $200 billion annually. Eliminating industrial-country protection alone would provide long-term gains to developing countries of about $100 billion annually-about twice as much as annual aid. The overall income gains would reduce the number of people in poverty globally by about 500 million by 2015, or by about one-fourth.

Reviving the Doha Round
Schott, J.J. (2004)

Tariff Wars and Trade Deals with Costly Government   Wiley Interscience Required
Burbidge, J. & G. Myers (2004)

On the Economic Success of GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement   Ingenta Select Required
Bown, C.P. (2004)

The Gains from Trade and Policy Reform Revisited   Wiley Interscience Required
Diewert, W.E. & A.D. Woodland (2004)

Trade barriers and wage inequality in a North–South model with technology-driven intra-industry trade   ScienceDirect Required
Beaulieu, E., M. Benarroch & J. Gaisford (2004)

Trade liberalization and intersectoral labor movements   ScienceDirect Required
Wacziarg, R. & J.S. Wallack (2004)

Welfare vs. Market Access: The Implications of Tariff Structure for Tariff Reform | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Anderson, J.E. & J.P. Neary (2004/07)

Trade Integration and Political Turbulence: Environmental Policy Consequence
Fredriksson, P.G. & M. Mani (2004)

Loss Aversion and Trade Policy
Freund, C. & C. Ozden (2004)

The Challenge of Reducing Subsidies and Trade Barriers | Alternative
Anderson, K. (2004)

What Do We Know About Tariff Incidence?
Tokarick, S.P. (2004)

Anti-trade Bias in Trade Policy and General Equilibrium
Limao, N. & A. Panagariya (2004)

Is There Policy Induced Quality Reversal in Intra-Industry Trade Between Developed and Less-Developed Countries?
Kunin, M. & K. Zigic (2004)

On the optimal external tariff of a free trade area with internal market integration   ScienceDirect Required
Mukunoki, H. (2004)

Innovative (Imitative) Effort and Tariffs in Developing Countries: Policy Implications of Different Market Conducts, Government Commitment Levels, and Information (A)symmetries
Ionascu, D. & K. Zigic (2004)

Predicting the Poverty Impacts of Trade Reform
Reimer, J.J. & T.W. Hertel (2004)

Trade Liberalization in a Globalizing World
Faini, R. (2004)

Fundamental dimensions of U.S. trade policy   ScienceDirect Required
Bohara, A.K., A.I. Camargo, T. Grijalva & K. Gawande (2004)

How the Dragon Captured the World Export Markets: Outsourcing and Foreign Investment Lead the Way
Adams, F.G., B. Gangnes & Y. Shachmurove (2004)

China's New Regional Trade Agreements
Antkiewicz, A. & J. Whalley (2004)

Tariff Protection, Intellectual Property Rights and North-South Trade with Perfect Price Flexibility
Ionascu, D. & K. Zigic (2004)

Dismantling Discrimination Against Developing Countries: Access, Rules and Differential Treatment
Hoekman, B. (2004)

Dumping in Developing and Transition Economies
Moraga-González, J.L. & J-M. Viaene (2004)

Anti-Dumping, Intra-Industry Trade and Quality Reversals
Moraga-González, J.L. & J-M. Viaene (2004)

Implicit Mercantilism, Oligopoly, and Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
McGuire, M.C. & H. Ohta (2005)

Assessing Protectionism and Subsidies in Agriculture: A Gravity Approach
Paiva, C. (2005)

The Foreign Service and Foreign Trade: Embassies as Export Promotion
Rose, A.K. (2005)

Trade remedies and World Trade Organization dispute settlement: Why are so few challenged?
Bown, C. (2005)

Trade Policy, Income Risk, and Welfare
Krebs, T., P. Krishna & W. Maloney (2005)

When and how should infant industries be protected?   ScienceDirect Required
Melitz, M.J. (2005)

Strategic trade and delegated competition   ScienceDirect Required
Miller, N.H. & A. Pazgal (2005)

Agricultural Liberalization and the Developing Countries: Debunking the Fallacies   Adobe Acrobat Required
Panagariya, A. (2005)

Issue Linking in Trade Negotiations: Ricardo Revisited or No Pain No Gain   Ingenta Select Required
Horstmann, I.J., J.R. Markusen & J. Robles (2005)

Stable Tariffs and Retaliations   Ingenta Select Required
Oladi, R. (2005)

Coordinating Tariff Reduction and Domestic Tax Reform under Imperfect Competition   Ingenta Select Required
Keen, M. & J.E. Ligthart (2005)

Setting the trade policy agenda : What roles for Economists?
Anderson K. (2005)

Trade preferences and differential treatment of developing countries : a selective survey   REVIEW PAPER
Hoekman, B. & C. Ozden (2005)

Conditional Policies in General Equilibrium
Krishna, K. (2005)

My Policies or Yours: Have OECD Agricultural Policies Affected Incomes in Developing Countries?
Ashraf, N., M. McMillan & A.P. Zwane (2005)

Trade Policy and Illegal Immigration
Bandyopadhyay, S. & R. Takashima (2005)

Tax Revenue and (or?) Trade Liberalization
Baunsgaard, T. & M. Keen (2005)

Certification of Origin as a Non-Tariff Barrier   Wiley Interscience Required
Chambolle, C. & E. Giraud-Heraud (2005)

Trade Justice or Free Trade?
Singleton, A. (2005)

Trade policy, cross-border externalities and lobbies: do linked agreements enforce more cooperative outcomes?   ScienceDirect Required
Limăo, N. (2005)

Trade and employment: stylized facts and research findings   REVIEW PAPER
Hoekman, B. & L.A. Winters (2005)

Agricultural Negotiations at the WTO: First, Do No Harm   Adobe Acrobat Required
Polaski, S. (2005)

Tariffs in a Ricardian Model with a Monopolistically Competitive Sector: the Role of Nontradables   Wiley Interscience Required
Sen, P. (2005)

Doha Merchandise Trade Reform: What's at Stake for Developing Countries?
Anderson, K., W. Martin & D. van der Mensbrugghe (2005)

Agricultural Liberalization in the Doha Round
Messerlin, P. (2005)

Issues of Manufactures Liberalization and Administered Protection in the Doha Round
Deardorff, A.V. & R.M. Stern (2005)

Services Negotiations in the Doha Round: Promise and Reality
Vastine, J.R. (2005)

An Assessment of the Economic Effects of the Menu of U.S. Trade Policies
Kiyota, K. & R.M. Stern (2005)

Achieving Fairness in the Doha Development Round
Brown, A. & R.M. Stern (2005)

From Seattle to Hong Kong: Are We Getting Anywhere?
Bhagwati, J. (2005)

Non-preferential trading clubs   ScienceDirect Required
Raimondos-Mřller, P. & A.D. Woodland (2005)

A Dual Policy Paradox: Why Have Trade and Immigration Policies Always Differed in Labor-Scarce Economies
Hatton, T.J. & J.G. Williamson (2005)

What's So Special about China's Exports?
Rodrik, D. (2006)

Does Import Protection Discourage Exports?
Tokarick, S. (2006)

Do standards matter for export success?
Otsuki, T., M.X. Chen & J.S. Wilson (2006)

The Implications of Trade Barriers for Sectoral Diversification and Macroeconomic Stability in Developing Economies
Srour, G. (2006)

Do safeguard tariffs and antidumping duties open or close technology gaps?   ScienceDirect Required
Crowley, M.A. (2006)

Does Bilateralism Promote Trade? Nineteenth Century Liberalization Revisited
Accominotti, O. & M. Flandreau

The Intervention Principle   Wiley Interscience Required
Grinols, E.L. (2006)

National Treatment in the GATT
Horn, H. (2006)

Do global trade distortions still harm developing country farmers?
Anderson, K. & E.V. Ernesto (2006)

Protection and unemployment   ScienceDirect Required
Bradford, S. (2006)

Labor versus capital in trade-policy: The role of ideology and inequality   ScienceDirect Required
Dutt, P. & D. Mitra (2006)

The Theory of Trade Policy and Trade Agreements: A Critique | Published   ScienceDirect Required   Acrobat Required
Ethier, W.J. (2006/07)

"GATT-think" with Asymmetric Countries   Wiley Interscience Required
Epifani, P. & J. Vitaloni (2006)

Globalization and Endogenous Firm Scope
Nocke, V. & S. Yeaple (2006)

Tariffs and Firm-Level Heterogeneous Fixed Export Costs
Jřrgensen, J.G. & P.J.H. Schröder (2006)

Strategic Labeling and Trade of GMOs
Veyssiere, L. & K. Giannakas (2006)

Delivering on Doha: Farm Trade and the Poor
Elliott, K.A. (2006)

Productivity matters for trade policy: theory and evidence
Karacaovali, B. (2006)

The World Trade Organization's Doha cotton initiative: A tale of two issues
Anderson, K. & E. Valenzuela (2006)

The Relative Importance of Global Agricultural Subsidies and Market Access
Anderson, K., W. Martin & E. Valenzuela (2006)

Globalization’s bystanders: Does trade liberalization hurt countries that do not participate?   ScienceDirect Required
Stern, R.M. & A.V. Deardorff (2006)

Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices
Lee, H.K., A. Nicita & M. Olarreaga (2006)

US-China Trade Disputes: Rising Tide, Rising Stakes
Hufbauer, G.C., Y. Wong & K. Sheth (2006)

Antidumping: A problem in international trade   ScienceDirect Required
Zanardi, M. (2006)

Antidumping policy in developing countries: Safety valve or obstacle to free trade?   ScienceDirect Required
Niels, G. & A. ten Kate (2006)

Working the system: Firm learning and the antidumping process   ScienceDirect Required
Blonigen, B.A. (2006)

Third party anti-dumping: A tentative rationale   ScienceDirect Required
Richardson, M. (2006)

Market size and antidumping in duopolistic competition   ScienceDirect Required
Falvey, R. & S. Wittayarungruangsri (2006)

Implementing a WTO agreement on trade facilitation: What makes sense?
Finger, M.J. & J.S. Wilson (2006)

Steepest Ascent Tariff Reforms   Acrobat Required
Raimondos-Moller, P. & A.D. Woodland (2006)

Fiscal Implications of Multilateral Tariff Cuts
Elborgh-Woytek, K., J-J. Hallaert, H.P. Lankes, A.M. Sadikov & D. Smith (2006)

Administrative Delays as Barriers to Trade
Regibeau, P.M. & K.E. Rockett (2006)

The World Trade Organization and antidumping in developing countries | Published   Wiley Interscience Required
Bown, C.P. (2006/08)

From the Corn Laws to Free Trade: Interests, Ideas, and Institutions in Historical Perspective
Schonhardt-Bailey, C. (2006)

Commercial Policy in a Predatory World
Anderson, J.E. (2006)

On the Output Effects of Barriers to Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
Ferreira, P.C. & A. Trejos (2006)

Liberalizing trade in services: a survey   REVIEW PAPER
Hoekman, B. (2006)

Trade in Services, Trade Agreements and Economic Development: A Survey of the Literature   REVIEW PAPER
Hoekman, B. (2006)

Would Protectionism Defuse Global Imbalances and Spur Economic Activity? A Scenario Analysis | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Faruqee, H., D. Laxton, D. Muir & P. Pesenti (2006/08)

Trademark Protection or Protectionism?   Wiley Interscience Required
Baroncelli, E., E. Krivonos & M. Olarreaga (2007)

Economic Integration and Rules of Origin Under International Oligopoly   Wiley Interscience Required
Ishikawa, J., H. Mukunoki & Y. Mizoguchi (2007)

Dumping as a signal of innovation   ScienceDirect Required
Miyagiwa, K. & Y. Ohno (2007)

Losers, Winners and Prisoner's Dilemma in International Subsidy Wars
Pires, A.J.G. (2007)

Beyond Trade Costs: Firms' Endogenous Access to International Markets
Pires, A.J.G. (2007)

Quality-enhancing trade liberalization   ScienceDirect Required
Eswaran, M. & A. Kotwal (2007)

Trade deflection and trade depression   ScienceDirect Required
Bown, C.P. & M.A. Crowley (2007)

Trade Policy with Heterogeneous Traders: Do Quotas Get a Bum Rap?
Krishna, K. & L.H. Tan (2007)

Cost Effectiveness of R&D and Strategic Trade Policy
Kujal, P. & J.M. Ruiz (2007)

On the static and dynamic costs of trade restrictions for small developing countries   ScienceDirect Required
Van Marrewijk, C. & K.G. Berden (2007)

Revisiting the infant industry argument   ScienceDirect Required
Sauré, P. (2007)

Trade policy in a Ricardian model with a continuum of goods under nonhomothetic preferences   ScienceDirect Required
Stibora, J. & A. de Vaal (2007)

Inequality and endogenous trade policy outcomes   ScienceDirect Required
Limăo, N. & A. Panagariya (2007)

VAT, Tariffs, and Withholding: Border Taxes and Informality in Developing Countries | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Keen, M. (2007/08)

Optimal Tariffs under a Revenue Constraint   Wiley Interscience Required
Hatta, T. & Y. Ogawa (2007)

Optimal Immigration Policy: Permanent, Guest-Worker, or Mode IV?
Schiff, M. (2007)

Informality, corruption and trade reform   ScienceDirect Required
Marjit, S., S. Ghosh & A. Biswas (2007)

Trade protection to reduce redistribution   ScienceDirect Required
Glazer, A. & P. Ranjan (2007)

Human capital, trade liberalization, and income risk
Krebs, T., P. Krishna & W. Maloney (2007)

Trade Restrictiveness and Deadweight Losses from U.S. Tariffs, 1859-1961
Irwin, D.A. (2007)

The Doha Talks and the Bargaining Surplus in Agriculture
Furtan, W.H., A. Guzel & K. Karantininis (2007)

Trade costs, barriers to entry, and export diversification in developing countries
Dennis, A. & B. Shepherd (2007)

The Gains from Trade Liberalization
Brown, D. & T.N. Srinivasan (2007)

Mixing goods with two-part tariffs   ScienceDirect Required
Hoernig, S.H. & T.M. Valletti (2007)

Import Protection Bias   Wiley Interscience Required
Pecorino, P. (2007)

Trade Policy under Firm-Level Heterogeneity in a Small Economy | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Demidova, S. & A. Rodriguez-Clare (2007/09)

Border and Behind-the-Border Trade Barriers and Country Exports
Sadikov, A.M. (2007)

Trade Liberalisation is Good for You if You are Rich   Acrobat Required
Ackah, C. & O. Morrissey (2007)

The Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Trade Balance in Developing Countries
Wu, Y. & L. Zeng (2008)

Developing countries and enforcement of trade agreements: why dispute settlement is not enough   Acrobat Required
Hoekman, B.M. & C.P. Bown (2008)

Illusory Revenues: Tariffs in Resource-Rich and Aid-Rich Economies
Collier, P. & A.J. Venables (2008)

Measuring Protection: Mission Impossible?   Wiley Interscience Required   REVIEW PAPER
Cipollina, M. & L. Salvatici (2008)

Non-tariff barriers in CGE models: How useful for policy?   ScienceDirect Required
Fugazza, M. & J-C. Maur (2008)

Information and disclosure in strategic trade policy   ScienceDirect Required
Creane, A. & K. Miyagiwa (2008)

Illusory Revenues: Tariffs in Resource-Rich and Aid-Rich Economies
Collier, P. & A.J. Venables (2008)

Trade policy and productivity   ScienceDirect Required
Badinger, H. (2008)

Consistent Trade Policy Aggregation | Published   Wiley Interscience Required
Anderson, J.E. (2008/09)

Aid and Trade - A Donor´s Perspective   Acrobat Required
Nowak-Lehmann, F.D., I. Martínez-Zarzoso, S. Klasen & D. Herzer (2008)

Antidumping, signaling and cheap talk   ScienceDirect Required
Cassing, J. & T. To (2008)

On the Role and Design of Dispute Settlement Procedures in International Trade Agreements
Maggi, G. & R.W. Staiger (2008)

Tariff retaliation versus financial compensation in the enforcement of international trade agreements   ScienceDirect Required
Limăo, N. & K. Saggi (2008)

On the role of retaliation in trade agreements   ScienceDirect Required
Martin, A. & W. Vergote (2008)

Is the Washington Consensus Dead? Growth, Openness, and the Great Liberalization, 1970s-2000s
Estevadeordal, A. & A.M. Taylor (2008)

Offshoring and the Role of Trade Agreements
Antras, P. & R.W. Staiger (2008)

An Analysis of So-Called Export-led Growth
Yang, J. (2008)

The challenge of reducing international trade and migration barriers   Acrobat Required
Anderson, K. & L.A. Winters (2008)

State owned enterprises, shirking and trade liberalization   ScienceDirect Required
Ghosh, M. & J. Whalley (2008)

The MFN clause, welfare, and multilateral cooperation between countries of unequal size   ScienceDirect Required
Saggi, K. (2008)

National Treatment at the WTO: The Roles of Product and Country Heterogeneity   Wiley Interscience Required
Saggi, K. & N. Sara (2008)

The United States is a Small Country in World Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
Magee, C.S.P. & S.P. Magee (2008)

Export surges: the power of a competitive currency
Freund, C. & M.D. Pierola (2008)

Tariff and Equilibrium Indeterminacy--(I)
Zhang, Y. (2008)

The Structure of Protection and Growth in the Late 19th Century
Lehmann, S.H. & K.H. O'Rourke (2008)

Adjusting to Trade Policy: Evidence from U.S. Antidumping Duties on Vietnamese Catfish
Brambilla, I., G. Porto & A. Tarozzi (2008)

Efficient barriers to trade: A sequential trade model with heterogeneous agents   ScienceDirect Required
Eden, B. (2009)

Profit Shifting and Trade Agreements in Imperfectly Competitive Markets
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2009)

Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements and Private Information
Bagwell, K. (2009)

How do agricultural policy restrictions to global trade and welfare differ across commodities?
Lloyd, P.J., J.L. Croser & K. Anderson (2009)

Trade Liberalization, Economic Growth, and Income Distribution in a Multiple-cone Neoclassical Growth Model   Acrobat Required
Kiyota, K. (2009)

Tied Aid, Trade-Facilitating Aid or Trade-Diverting Aid?   Acrobat Required
Pettersson, J. & L.M. Johansson (2009)

The effects of loss aversion on trade policy: Theory and evidence   ScienceDirect Required
Tovar, P. (2009)

Optimum tariffs and retaliation: How country numbers matter   ScienceDirect Required
Zissimos, B. (2009)

The Slide to Protectionism in the Great Depression: Who Succumbed and Why?
Eichengreen, B. & D.A. Irwin (2009)

Revenue or Reciprocity? Founding Feuds over Early U.S. Trade Policy
Irwin, D.A. (2009)

Aid for Trade: Matching Potential Demand and Supply
Gamberoni, E. & R. Newfarmer (2009)

Miracles and debacles revisited   ScienceDirect Required
Panagariya, A. (2009)

Trade, Foreign Investment, and Industrial Policy for Developing Countries
Harrison, A. & A. Rodriguez-Clare (2009)

Trade policies, concentration, growth and welfare   ScienceDirect Required
González-Val, R., L. Lanaspa & F. Pueyo (2009)

Smoke in the Water: The Use of Tariff Policy Flexibility in Crises
Foletti, L., M. Fugazza, A. Nicita & M. Olarreaga (2009)

The Global Resort to Antidumping, Safeguards, and other Trade Remedies Amidst the Economic Crisis
Bown, C.P. (2009)

Delocation and Trade Agreements in Imperfectly Competitive Markets
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2009)

The WTO: Theory and Practice
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2009)

Breach, Remedies and Dispute Settlement in Trade Agreements
Maggi, G. & R.W. Staiger (2009)

The Economics of Trade Agreements in the Linear Cournot Delocation Model
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2009)

Is there a dirty little secret? Non-tariff barriers and the gains from trade   ScienceDirect Required
Winchester, N. (2009)

Reconciling Climate Change and Trade Policy
Mattoo, A., A. Subramanian, D. van der Mensbrugghe & J. He (2009)

Export Promotion Agencies Revisited
Lederman, D., M. Olarreaga & L. Payton (2009)

International Trade and Domestic Regulation
Staiger, R.W. & A.O. Sykes (2009)

Reciprocal Trade Agreements in Gravity Models: A Meta-Analysis   Wiley Interscience Required
Cipollina, M. & L. Salvatici (2010)

Are Standards Always Protectionist?   Wiley Interscience Required
Marette, S. & J. Beghin (2010)

Trade sanctions, financial transfers and BRIC participation in global climate change negotiations   ScienceDirect Required
Tian, H. & J. Whalley (2010)

Managed Trade with Imperfect Information   Wiley Interscience Required
Hochman, G. & E. Segev (2010)

Disaggregated data and trade policy analysis: The value of linking partial and general equilibrium models   ScienceDirect Required
Narayanan, B.G., T.W. Hertel & J.M. Horridge (2010)

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Empirical Trade Studies

The Leontief Paradox, Reconsidered   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Leamer, E.E. (1980)

Abstract: Using the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek model of trade, it is shown that a country is revealed to be relatively well endowed in capital compared with labor if and only if one of the following three conditions holds, where K(x), K(m), L(x), L(m), K(c), L(c) are capital and labor embodied in exports, imports, and consumption: (a) K(x) - K(m) > 0, L(x) - L(m) < 0; (b) K(x) - K(m) > 0, L(x) - L(m) > 0, [K(x) - K(m)]/[L(x) - L(m)] > K(c)/L(c); (c) K(x) - K(m) < 0, L(x) - L(m) < 0, [K(x) - K(m)]/[L(x) - L(m)] < K(c)/L(c). Leontief's data for the United States in 1947 satisfy (b), and the United States by trade is actually revealed by trade to be capital abundant. The comparison by Leontief of K(x)/L(x) with K(m)/L(m) is shown to be theoretically inappropriate.

Quality Change Under Trade Restraints in Japanese Autos   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Feenstra, R. (1988)

Abstract: In this paper, the author investigates the quality change in Japanese car and truck imports over 1979-85. Car im ports have been subject to a quota restraint since April 1981, while compact trucks have faced an ad valorem tariff of 25 percent since Au gust 1980. He finds evidence of substantial upgrading in Japanese car imports, with ambiguous quality change in trucks. The welfare cost o f the quota restraint in cars exceeds $1,000 per import in 1983 and 1984.

International Factor Price Differences: Leontief was Right!   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Trefler, D. (1993)

Abstract: The factor price equalization hypothesis is widely at odds with the large variation in factor prices across countries. similarly, the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem constitutes an incomplete description of trade in factor services: its predictions are always rejected empirically. These two issues are examined using a modification of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek model that allows for factor-augmenting international productivity differences. The empirical results are stark: this simple modification of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem explains much of the factor content of trade and the cross-country variation in factor prices.

The Case of the Missing Trade and Other Mysteries   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Trefler, D. (1995)

Abstract: The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem, which predicts that countries will export products that are made from factors in great supply, performs poorly. However, deviations from HOV follow pronounced patterns. Trade is missing relative to its HOV prediction. Also, rich countries appear scarce in most factors and poor countries appear abundant in all factors, a fact that squares poorly with the HOV prediction that abundant factors are exported. As suggested by the patterns, HOV is rejected empirically in favor of a modification that allows for home bias in consumption and international technology differences.

Monopolistic Competition and International Trade: Reconsidering the Evidence   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Hummels, D. & J. Levinsohn (1995)

Abstract: The authors test some propositions about international trade flows that are derived from models of monopolistic competition developed by Elhanan Helpman and Paul Krugman. The authors investigate whether the volume of trade between OECD countries is consistent with the predictions of a model in which all trade is intraindustry trade in differentiated products. They then repeat the test with non-OECD countries. The authors also investigate whether the share of intraindustry trade is consistent with a more general theoretical model in which some, but not all, trade is intraindustry trade. Their results lead the authors to question the apparent empirical success of these models.

Using International and Japanese Regional Data to Determine When the Factor Abundance Theory of Trade Works   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Davis, D.R., D.E. Weinstein, S.C. Bradford & K. Shimpo (1997)

Abstract: The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) model of factor service trade is a mainstay of international economics. Empirically, though, it is a flop. This warrants a new approach. The authors test the HOV model with international and Japanese regional data. The strict HOV model performs poorly because it cannot explain the international location of production. Restricting the sample to Japanese regions provides no help, inter alia giving rise to what Daniel Trefler calls the 'mystery of the missing trade.' However, when the authors relax the assumption of universal factor price equalization, results improve dramatically. In sum, the HOV model performs remarkably well.

The Decision to Export in Colombia: An Empirical Model of Entry with Sunk Costs   JSTOR Required
Roberts, M. & J. Tybout (1997)

An Account of Global Factor Trade   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Davis, D.R. & D.E. Weinstein (1998)

Abstract: A half-century of empirical work on the factor proportions theory has identified devise simple amendments that bring theory and data into reasonable congruence. Our study considers standard and novel hypotheses regarding the failures of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek formulation and is the first to examine these directly on the technology and absorption data of interest. We show how a few simple and plausible amendments, verified directly by this data, suffice for a striking confirmation of the HOV theory. Countries export the services of abundant factors and in approximately the right magnitude. HOV works.

Protection for Sale: An Empirical Investigation   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Golberg, P.K. & G. Maggi (1999)

Abstract: A prominent model in the recent political-economy literature on trade policy is Grossman and Helpman's (1994) Protection for Sale' model. This model yields clear predictions for the cross-sectional structure of trade protection. The objective of our" paper is to check whether the predictions of the Grossman-Helpman model are consistent with the data and, if the model finds support, to estimate its two key structural parameters: the government's valuation of welfare relative to contributions, and the fraction of the voting population represented by a lobby. We find that the pattern of protection in the U.S. in 1983 is consistent with the basic predictions of the model. Our estimate of the government's valuation of welfare relative to contributions is surprisingly high; the weight of welfare in the government's objective function is estimated to be between 50 and 88 times the weight of contributions.

International Trade Statistics   Recommended!
WTO (2001)

Abstract: This report provides comprehensive, comparable and up-to-date statistics on trade in merchandise and commercial services for an assessment of world trade flows by country, region and main product groups or service categories. Some 240 tables and charts depict trade developments from various perspectives and provide a number of long-term time series as additional information. Major trade developments are summarized and discussed in the first part of the report under Overview. This volume has been produced by a team of statisticians from the Statistics Division in collaboration with the Economic Research and Analysis Division.

After Columbus: Explaining the Global Trade Boom 1500-1800
O'Rourke, K.H. & J.G. Williamson (2001)

Reports on World Agricultural Trade
OECD (2001)

Weightless Machines and Costless Knowledge: An Empirical Analysis of Trade and Technology Diffusion
Navaretti, G.B. & I. Soloaga (2001)

Border Effects within the NAFTA Countries
Rogers, J.H. & H.P. Smith (2001)

Exchange Rate Effects on the Volume of Trade Flows: An Empirical Analysis Employing High-Frequency Data   Acrobat Required
Baum, C.F., M. Caglayan & N. Ozkan (2001)

Global Production Sharing and Rising Inequality: A Survey of Trade and Wages   REVIEW PAPER
Feenstra, R. & G. Hanson (2001)

On Price-Setting for Identtical Products in Markets without Formal Trade Barriers   Acrobat Required
Hassink, W.H.J. & R. Schettkat (2001)

Trade Liberalization in China’s Accession to the World Trade Organization
Ianchovichina, E. & W. Martin (2001)

Plant- and Firm-Level Evidence on "New" Trade Theories
Tybout, J.R. (2001)

Ginis in General Equilibrium: Trade, Technology and Southern Inequality
Chun, S. & D. Trefler (2001)

A Tariff-Growth Paradox? Protection's Impact the World Around 1875-1997
Clemens, M.A. & J.G. Williamson (2001)

Markups, Entry Regulation, and Trade: Does Country Size Matter? | Published
Hoekman, B., H.L. Kee & M. Olarreaga (2001)

Do Rich and Poor Countries Specialize in a Different Mix of Goods? Evidence from Product-Level US Trade Data
Schott, P.K. (2001)

What Role for Empirics in International Trade?
Davis, D.R. & D.E. Weinstein (2001)

Borders, Trade and Welfare
Anderson, J.E. & E. van Wincoop (2001)

Specialization and the Volume of Trade: Do the Data Obey the Laws?   Recommended!   REVIEW PAPER
Harrigan, J. (2001)

Abstract: The core subjects of trade theory are the pattern and volume of trade: which goods are traded by which countries, and how much of those goods are traded. The first part of this paper discusses evidence on comparative advantage, with an emphasis on carefully connecting theoretical models with data analyses. The second part of the paper considers the theoretical foundations of the gravity model and reviews the small number of studies that have tried to test, rather than simply use, the implications of gravity. Both parts of the paper yield the same conclusion: we are still in the very early stages of empirically understanding specialization and the volume of trade, but the work that has been done can serve as a starting point for further research.

Trade Linkages and Output-Multiplier Effects: A Structural VAR Approach with a Focus on Asia
Abeysinghe, T. & K.J. Forbes (2001)

Trade and Production, 1976­-99
Nicita, A. & M. Olarreaga (2001)

Import-Reducing Effect of Trade Barriers: A Cross-Country Investigation
Wang, Q. (2002)

The Composition of Foreign Direct Investment and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Evidence from Transition Economies
Smarzynska, B.K. (2002)

Testing Trade Theory in Ohlin's Time
Estevadeordal, A. & A.M. Taylor (2002)

Shipping the Good Apples Out? An Empirical Confirmation of the Alchian-Allen Conjecture
Hummels, D. & A. Skiba (2002)

Intra-national Home Bias: Some Explanations
Hillberry, R. & D. Hummels (2002)

The Home Market Effect and Bilateral Trade Patterns
Hanson, G.H. X. Chong (2002)

Liberalization of Trade in Financial Services and Financial Sector Stability (Empirical Approach)
Kireyev, A.P. (2002)

Quantifying the Impact of Trade on Wages: The Role of NonTraded Goods | Published   Wiley Interscience Required
Tokarick, S.P. (2002/2005)

Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services
WTO, EC, IMF, OECD, UNCTAD & UN (2002)

Closed Jaguar, Open Dragon: Comparing Tariffs in Latin America and Asia before World War II
Clemens, M.A. & J.G. Williamson (2002)

Trade, technology, and productivity: A study of Brazilian manufacturers, 1986-1998   Acrobat Required
Muendler, M.A. (2002)

Compiling and Using Export and Import Price Indices
Zieschang, K.D. & J. Dridi (2003)

Doomed to Deficits? Aggregate U.S. Trade Flows Re-Examined
Chinn, M. (2003)

What Has Happened to Wages in Mexico since NAFTA?
Hanson, G. (2003)

An Econometric Analysis of Trade Diversion under NAFTA Adobe Acrobat Required
Fukao, K., T. Okubo & R.M. Stern (2003)

Bargaining Power and Foreign Direct Investment in China: Can 1.3 Billion Consumers Tame the Multinationals? Adobe Acrobat Required
Braunstein, E. & G. Epstein (2003)

New Estimates of the Average Tariff of the United States, 1790-1820
Irwin, D.A. (2003)

Why Plant-Level Productivity Studies are Often Misleading, and an Alternative Approach to Inference
Katayama, H., S. Lu & J. Tybout (2003)

Evolving Discretionary Practices of U.S Antidumping Activity
Blonigen, B.A. (2003)

Falling Trade Costs, Heterogeneous Firms, and Industry Dynamics | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Bernard, A., J.B. Jensen & P.K. Schott (2003/06)

Strategic Approaches to Science and Technology in Development
Maloney, W.F. & D. Lederman (2003)

Footloose and Pollution-Free | Published   Ingenta Select Required
Ederington, J., A. Levinson & J. Minier (2003/2005)

Measuring the Impact of Distortions in Agricultural Trade in Partial and General Equilibrium
Tokarick, S.P. (2003)

Trade Liberalization, Firm Performance, and Labor Market Outcomes in the Developing World: What Can We Learn from Micro-Level Data?
Epifani, P. (2003)

Trade Reforms and Wage Inequality in Colombia | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Attanasio, O., P. Goldberg & N. Pavcnik (2003)

One Size Fits All? Heckscher-Ohlin Specialization in Global Production   Ingenta Select Required
Schott, P.K. (2003)

Heckscher-Ohlin Theory and Individual Attitudes Towards Globalization | Published   ScienceDirect Required
O'Rourke, K. & R. Sinnott (2003/06)

On the Duration of Trade | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Besedes, T. & T.J. Prusa (2003)

International Trade and Wage Discrimination: Evidence from East Asia
van der Meulen Rodgers, Y., G. Berik & J.E. Zveglich Jr. (2003)

Plants and Productivity in International Trade   Recommended!   Ingenta Select Required
Bernard, A.B., J. Eaton, J.B. Jensen & S. Kortum (2003)

Abstract: We reconcile trade theory with plant-level export behavior, extending the Ricardian model to accommodate many countries, geographic barriers, and imperfect competition. Our model captures qualitatively basic facts about U.S. plants: (i) productivity dispersion, (ii) higher productivity among exporters, (iii) the small fraction who export, (iv) the small fraction earned from exports among exporting plants, and (v) the size advantage of exporters. Fitting the model to bilateral trade among the United States and 46 major trade partners, we examine the impact of globalization and dollar appreciation on productivity, plant entry and exit, and labor turnover in U.S. manufacturing.

Trade Wars: The Exaggerated Impact of Trade in Economic Debate
Freeman, R.B. (2003)

Heterogeneity and the FDI versus Export Decision of Japanese Manufacturers
Head, K. & J. Ries (2003)

Is Japan's Trade (still) Different?
Harrigan, J. & R. Vanjani (2003)

Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: How Relevant Are Host-country and Industry Characteristics?   Acrobat Required
Nunnenkamp, P. & J. Spatz (2003)

Which Countries Export FDI, and How Much?
Razin, A., Y. Rubinstein & E. Sadka (2003)

Does the WTO Make Trade More Stable?
Rose, A.K. (2004)

Outsourcing--Stains on the White Collar?   Acrobat Required
Kirkegaard, J.F. (2004)

Armington Elasticities in Intermediate Inputs Trade: A Problem in Using Multilateral Trade Data
Saito, M. (2004)

Globalization and the Gains from Variety
Borda, C. & D.E. Weinstein (2004)

How Much Do Trading Partners Matter for Economic Growth?
Arora, V.B. (2004)

Dissecting Trade: Firms, Industries, and Export Destinations
Eaton, J., S. Kortum & F. Kramarz (2004)

Globalization and the Gains from Variety
Broda, C. & D. Weinstein (2004)

The Real Effects of Finance: Evidence from Exports   Acrobat Required
Becker, B. & D. Greenberg (2004)

Inappropriate Pooling of Wealthy and Poor Countries in Empirical FDI Studies
Blonigen, B.A. & M. Wang (2004)

Intraregional Trade in Emerging Asia
Zebregs, H.H. (2004)

How Has NAFTA Affected the Mexican Economy? Review and Evidence
Kose, A., G.M. Meredith & C.M. Towe (2004)

Trade, Regulations, and Growth
Bolaky, B. & C. Freund (2004)

The Global Distribution of Trademarks: Some Stylized Facts
Baroncelli, E., C. Fink & B. Smarzynska (2004)

How Confident Can We Be in CGE-Based Assessments of Free Trade Agreements? | Published   ScienceDirect Required   Recommended!
Hertel, T., D. Hummels, M. Ivanic & R. Keeney (2004/07)

Abstract: Computable General Equilibrium models, widely used for the analysis of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are often criticized for having poor econometric foundations. This paper improves the linkage between econometric estimates of key parameters and their usage in CGE analysis in order to better evaluate the likely outcome of a FTA for the Americas. Our econometric work focuses on estimation of the elasticity of substitution among imports from different countries, which is especially critical for evaluating the positive and normative outcomes of FTAs. We match the data in the econometric exercise to the policy experiment at hand. Then we sample from the distribution of parameter values given by our econometric estimates in order to generate a distribution of model results, from which we can construct confidence intervals. We conclude that there is great potential for combining econometric work with CGE-based policy analysis in order to produce a richer set of results that are likely to prove more satisfying to the sophisticated policy maker.

Trade Costs | Published Recommended!   REVIEW PAPER   Ingenta Select Required
Anderson, J.A. & E. van Wincoop (2004)

Moving Up or Moving Out? Anti-Sweatshop Activists and Labor Market Outcomes
Harrison, A. & J. Scorse (2004)

Trade Liberalization and Pollution Havens | Published
Ederington, J., A. Levinson & J. Minier (2004)

Trade, Inequality, and Poverty: What Do We Know? Evidence from Recent Trade Liberalization Episodes in Developing Countries
Goldberg, P.K. & N. Pavcnik (2004)

On the Measurement of Product Variety in Trade   Ingenta Select Required
Feenstra, R. & H. Looi Kee (2004)

The Factor Content of Bilateral Trade: An Empirical Test
Choi, Y-S. & P. Krishna (2004)

Trade and Productivity   Ingenta Select Required
Alcala, F. & A. Ciccone (2004)

Across-product Versus Within-product Specialization in International Trade   Ingenta Select Required
Schott, P.K. (2004)

A Flexible Modeling Framework to Estimate Interregional Trade Patterns and Input-Output Accounts
Wang, Z. & P. Canning (2004)

Overseas Assembly and Country Sourcing Choices
Swenson, D.L. (2004)

Will you Buy My Peg? The Credibility of a Fixed Exchange Rate Regime as a Determinant of Bilateral Trade
Bernhard, F-K. & E.M. Jurzyk (2004)

China Bashing 2004   Acrobat Required
Hugbauer, G.C. & Y. Wong (2004)

The Impact of China on the Exports of Other Asian Countries
Eichengreen, B., Y. Rhee & H. Tong (2004)

Working the System: Firm Learning and the Antidumping Process
Blonigen, B.A. (2004)

The Long and Short of the Canada-U. S. Free Trade Agreement   Ingenta Select Required
Trefler, D. (2004)

Fear of Service Outsourcing: Is It Justified?
Amiti, M. & S-J. Wei (2004)

Export Variety and Country Productivity
Feenstra, R.C. & H.L. Kee (2004)

Does Exporting Increase Productivity? A Microeconometric Analysis of Matched Firms   Wiley Interscience Required
Girma, S., D. Greenaway & R. Kneller (2004)

Is Mexico A Lumpy Country?
Bernard, A.B., R. Robertson & P.K. Schott (2004)

Demographic Changes and International Factor Mobility
Helliwell, J.F. (2004)

In Search of 'Offshoring': Evidence from U.S. Imports of Services   Acrobat Required
Van Welsum, D. (2004)

The currency union effect on trade and the FDI channel   Acrobat Required
De Sousa. J. & J. Lochard (2004)

World Trade Flows: 1962-2000
Feenstra, R., R.E. Lipsey, H. Deng, A.C. Ma & H. Mo (2005)

Abstract: We document a set of bilateral trade data by commodity for 1962-2000, which is available from www.nber.org/data (International Trade Data, NBER-UN world trade data). Users must agree not to resell or distribute the data for 1984-2000. The data are organized by the 4-digit Standard International Trade Classification, revision 2, with country codes similar to the United Nations classification. This dataset updates the Statistics Canada World Trade Database as described in Feenstra, Lipsey, and Bowen (1997), which was available for years 1970-1992. In that database, Statistics Canada had revised the United Nations trade data, mostly derived from the export side, to fit the Canadian trade classification and in some cases to add data not available from the export reports. In contrast, in the new NBER-UN dataset we give primacy to the trade flows reported by the importing country, whenever they are available, assuming that these are more accurate than reports by the exporters. If the importer report is not available for a country-pair, however, then the corresponding exporter report is used instead. Corrections and additions are made to the United Nations data for trade flows to and from the United States, exports from Hong Kong and China, and imports into many other countries.

Does Tariff Liberalization Increase Wage Inequality? Some Empirical Evidence
Milanovic, B. & L. Squire (2005)

Foreign Direct Investment vs. Foreign Portfolio Investment
Goldstein, I. & A. Razin (2005)

NAFTA's and CUSFTA's Impact on International Trade
Romalis, J. (2005)

The Effects of the Colombian Trade Liberalization on Urban Poverty
Goldberg, P.K. & N. Pavcnik (2005)

Growth, Expansion of Markets, and Income Elasticities in World Trade
Wu, Y. (2005)

How Do Differing Standards Increase Trade Costs? The Case of Pallets
Aldaz-Carroll, E. & G. Raballand (2005)

The effect of trade liberalization on child labor   ScienceDirect Required
Edmonds, E.V. & N. Pavcnik (2005)

Trade raises income: a precise and robust result   ScienceDirect Required
Noguer, M. & M. Siscart (2005)

Outsourcing Price Decisions: Evidence from U.S. 9802 Imports
Swenson, D. (2005)

Is Trade Good or Bad for the Environment? Sorting out the Causality   Ingenta Select Required
Frankel, J.A. & A.K. Rose (2005)

The Structure of Factor Content Predictions
Trefler, D. & S.C. Zhu (2005)

What does evidence tell us about fragmentation and outsourcing?   ScienceDirect Required
Jones, R., H. Kierzkowski & C. Lurong (2005)

The Trade Liberalization Evaluation (TLE) Methodology | Comment   ScienceDirect Required
Estrada, M.A.R./De Lombaerde, P.A.A. (2005/06)

An Empirical Assessment of the Comparative Advantage Gains from Trade: Evidence from Japan   Ingenta Select Required
Bernhofen, D.M. & J.C. Brown (2005)

Outsourcing Tariff Evasion: A New Explanation for Entrepot Trade
Fisman, R., P. Moustakerski & S-J. Wei (2005)

Wealth as a Determinant of Comparative Advantage   Ingenta Select Required
Wynne, J. (2005)

Importers, Exporters, and Multinationals: A Portrait of Firms in the U.S. that Trade Goods
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen & P.K. Schott (2005)

Trade Responses to Geographic Frictions: A Decomposition Using Micro-Data | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Hillberry, R. & D. Hummels (2005/08)

The Variety and Quality of a Nation's Exports   Ingenta Select Required
Hummels, D. & P. Klenow (2005)

Heterogeneous Firms and Trade: Testable and Untestable Properties of the Melitz Model
Baldwin, R. (2005)

A Note on the Empirical Implementation of the Lens Condition
Bernard, A.B., R. Robertson & P.K. Schott (2005)

Wake Up and Smell the Ginseng: The Rise of Incremental Innovation in Low-Wage Countries | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Puga, D. & D. Trefler (2005/09)

U.S. Jobs Gained and Lost through Trade: A Net Measure
Groshen, E.L., B. Hobijn & M.M. McConnell (2005)

Trade and Development Report: New Features of Global Interdependence   Recommended!
UNCTAD (2005)

Abstract: From the perspective of the Millennium Development Goals, it is good news that in 2004 per capita incomes grew almost everywhere in the developing world, and that short-term prospects are favourable. The bad news is that in sub-Saharan Africa even GDP growth of close to 5 per cent is still insufficient to attain the MDGs. The global outlook for 2005 and beyond is overshadowed by increasing global trade imbalances. How can these be corrected without a worldwide recession? The solution has to build on higher domestic demand in Europe and Japan, but a coordinated international macroeconomic approach that includes the major developing countries is also needed.

World Trade and Global Integration in Production Processes: A Re-assessment of Import Demand Equations   Acrobat Required
Barrell, R. & S. Dees (2005)

Increasing returns and market efficiency in agricultural trade   ScienceDirect Required
Fafchamps, M., E. Gabre-Madhin & B. Minten (2005)

International trade, economic growth and intellectual property rights: A panel data study of developed and developing countries   ScienceDirect Required
Schneider, P.H. (2005)

The Welfare Cost of Autarky: Evidence from the Jeffersonian Trade Embargo, 1807-09   Wiley Interscience Required
Irwin, D.A. (2005)

Which International Institutions Promote International Trade?   Wiley Interscience Required
Rose, A.K. (2005)

Distance and International Banking   Wiley Interscience Required
Buch, C.M. (2005)

Transpacific Trade Imbalances: Causes and Cures   Acrobat Required
Lee, J-W., W.J. McKibbin & Y.C. Park (2005)

Tradable Services: Understanding the Scope and Impact of Services Offshoring   Acrobat Required
Jensen, J.B. & L.G. Kletzer (2005)

International Trade in East Asia   Recommended!   CONFERENCE VOLUME
Ito, T. (editor) (2005)

Abstract: The practice of trading across international borders has undergone a series of changes with great consequences for the world trading community, the result of new trade agreements, a number of financial crises, the emergence of the World Trade Organization, and countless other less obvious developments. Here, a group of esteemed contributors provides a summary of empirical factors of international trade specifically as they pertain to East Asian countries such as China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.

Trade Costs, Trade Balances and Current Accounts: An Application of Gravity to Multilateral Trade   Acrobat Required
Fazio, G., R. MacDonald & J. Melitz (2005)

Trade Potentials in Gravity Panel Data Models
De Benedictis, L. & C. Vicarelli (2005)

Is free trade deflationary?   ScienceDirect Required
Kim, M. & H. Beladi (2005)

A Test of Trade Theories when Expenditure is Home Biased | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Brülhart, M. & F. Trionfetti (2005/09)

A Re-Examination of the Border Effect
Gorodnichenko, Y. & L. Tesar (2005)

Supply Capacity, Vertical Specialization and Tariff Rates: The Implications for Aggregate U.S. Trade Flow Equations
Chinn, M.D. (2005)

Alternative Techniques for Estimation of Cross-Section Gravity Models   Wiley Interscience Required
Egger, P. (2005)

Intraindustry Trade and Relative Factor Endowments   Wiley Interscience Required
Cieslik, A. (2005)

Factor Price Equality and the Economies of the United States
Bernard, A.B., S.J. Redding & P.K. Schott (2005)

Supply Capacity, Vertical Specialization and Tariff Rates: The Implications for Aggregate U.S. Trade Flow Equations   Acrobat Required
Chinn, M.D. (2005)

Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization
Francois, J.F., B. Hoekman & M. Manchin (2005)

International diffusion and intellectual property rights: An empirical analysis   ScienceDirect Required
McCalman, P. (2005)

North, South and Distance in the Gravity Model | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Melitz, J. (2005/07)

The Complementary Role of Exports and R&D Investments as Sources of Productivity Growth
Aw, B.Y., M.J. Roberts & T. Winston (2005)

Imports and Productivity
Halpern, L., M. Koren & A. Szeidl (2005)

Does External Trade Promote Financial Development?
Huang, Y. & J.R. Temple (2005)

International trade and child labor: Cross-country evidence   ScienceDirect Required
Edmonds, E.V. & N. Pavcnik (2005)

Survival of the best fit: Exposure to low-wage countries and the (uneven) growth of U.S. manufacturing plants   ScienceDirect Required
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen & P.K. Schott (2005)

Product quality and the direction of trade   ScienceDirect Required
Hallak, J.C. (2005)

How Does Trade Openness Influence Budget Deficits in Developing Countries?
Combes, J-L. & T. Saadi-Sedik (2006)

Trade and inequality in wages and unemployment   ScienceDirect Required
Bjřrnstad, R. & T. Skjerpen (2006)

Service Offshoring and Productivity: Evidence from the United States
Amiti, M. & S-J. Wei (2006)

Will the Doha Round Lead to Preference Erosion? | Published
Amiti, M. & J. Romalis (2006/07)

Do Tariffs Matter for the Extensive Margin of International Trade? An Empirical Analysis
Debaere, P.M. & S. Mostashari (2006)

Revisiting the effects of regional trade agreements on trade flows with proper specification of the gravity model   ScienceDirect Required
Carrčre, C. (2006)

Is Human Capital Losing from Outsourcing? Evidence for Austria and Poland   Acrobat Required
Lorentowicz, A., D. Marin & A. Raubold (2006)

Specialization, Outsourcing and Wages   Acrobat Required
Munch, J.R. & J.R. Skaksen

Do Firms Learn from International Trade?   Ingenta Select Required
MacGarvie, M. (2006)

New Measures of Port Efficiency Using International Trade Data | Published   Wiley Interscience Required
Blonigen, B.A. & W.W. Wilson (2007/08)

Domestic Taxes and International Trade: Some Evidence
Keen, M. & M.H. Syed (2006)

The Impact of Federation on Australia's Trade Flows
Irwin, D.A. (2006)

Do standards matter for export success?
Otsuki, T., M.X. Chen & J.S. Wilson (2006)

Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States
Hanson, G.H. (2006)

The Relative Sophistication of Chinese Exports
Schott, P.K. (2006)

What Determines Bilateral Trade Flows?
Baxter, M. & M.A. Kouparitsas (2006)

The Euro’s Trade Effects   Acrobat Required
Baldwin, R.E. (2006)

The Unequal Effects of Liberalization: Evidence from Dismantling the License Raj in India
Aghion, P., R. Burgess, S.J. Redding & F. Zilibotti (2006)

Optimal Tariffs: The Evidence
Broda, C., N. Limao & D.E. Weinstein (2006)

The data chase: what's out there on trade costs and nontariff barriers?
Bagai, S. & J.S. Wilson (2006)

Multinationals, Technology, and the Introduction of Varieties of Goods | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Brambilla, I. (2006/09)

Why don't firms export more? Product quality and Colombian plants   ScienceDirect Required
Brooks, E.L. (2006)

Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution
Muendler, M-A. & S.O. Becker (2006)

Measuring International Trade in Services
Lipsey, R.E. (2006)

Trade liberalization and the allocation of labor between households and markets in a poor country   ScienceDirect Required
Edmonds, E.V. & N. Pavcnik (2006)

Multi-Product Firms and Product Switching
Bernard, A.B., S.J. Redding & P.K. Schott (2006)

Baumol-Tobin and the Welfare Costs of National Security Border Delays
Huang, H. & J. Whalley (2006)

Is the Border Really That Wide?   Wiley Interscience Required
Ceglowski, J. (2006)

The Impact of Trade on Wages: What If Countries Are Not Small?
Saito, M. & I. Tokutsu (2006)

Outsourcing Jobs? Multinationals and US Employment
Harrison, A.E. & M.S. McMillan (2006)

Managing the Noodle Bowl: The Fragility of East Asian Regionalism
Baldwin, R.A. (2006)

Trading on time
Djankov, S., C. Freund & C.S. Pham (2006)

Trade and harmonization: if your institutions are good, does it matter if they are different?
Reshef, A. & R. Islam (2006)

Trends in tariff reforms and trends in wage inequality
Galiano, S. & G.G. Porto (2006)

Openness and Industrial Response in a Wal-Mart World: A Case Study of Mexican Soaps, Detergents and Surfactant Producers
Javorcik, B.S., W. Keller & J.R. Tybout (2006)

Has the Internet Increased Trade?
Wallsten, S. & G.R.G. Clarke (2006)

Quantifying the impact of services liberalization in a developing country   ScienceDirect Required
Konan, D.E. & K.E. Maskus (2006)

An empirical assessment of the welfare effects of reciprocal dumping   ScienceDirect Required
Friberg, R. & M. Ganslandt (2006)

Rethinking the Effects of Immigration on Wages
Ottaviano, G.I.P. & G. Peri (2006)

Transfer Pricing by U.S.-Based Multinational Firms
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen & P.K. Schott (2006)

Cross-Border Mergers and National Champions in an Integrating Economy
Sudekum, J. (2006)

The Euro as Invoicing Currency in International Trade   Acrobat Required
Kamps, A. (2006)

From Groundnuts to Globalization: A Structural Estimate of Trade and Growth
Broda, C., J. Greenfield & D. Weinstein (2006)

Gravity for Dummies and Dummies for Gravity Equations
Baldwin, R. & D. Taglioni (2006)

Measuring Competitiveness
Neary, J.P. (2006)

Fairtrade and market failures in agricultural commodity markets
Ronchi, L. (2006)

Importation and Innovation
Lichtenberg, F.R. (2006)

Testing the Theory of Trade Policy: Evidence from the Abrupt End of the Multifibre Arrangement
Harrigan, J. & G. Barrows (2006)

Moving Forward Faster: Trade Facilitation Reform and Mexican Competitiveness   Acrobat Required
Soloaga, I., J.S. Wilson & A. Mejia (2006)

A profile of the world's young developing country migrants
McKenzie, D.J. (2006)

Why Tariffs, Not Subsidies? A Search for Stylized Facts
Ederington, J. & J. Minier (2006)

Euros and Zeros: The Common Currency Effect on Trade in New Goods
Baldwin, R.E. & V. Di Nino (2006)

Relativity in Trade Theory: Towards a Solution to the Mystery of Missing Trade   Acrobat Required
Fisher, E.O. & S.L. May (2006)

Do state trading exporters distort trade?   ScienceDirect Required
McCorriston, S. & D. MacLaren (2006)

Trade, Wages, and Specific Factors   Wiley Interscience Required
Dasgupta, I. & T. Osang (2007)

Trade Adjustment and Human Capital Investments: Evidence from Indian Tariff Reform
Edmonds, E.V., N. Pavcnik & P. Topalova (2007)

Distributional Effects of Globalization in Developing Countries
Goldberg, P.K. & N. Pavcnik (2007)

Immigrants Assimilate as Communities, Not Just as Individuals
Hatton, T.J. & A. Leigh (2007)

Trade policy, trade volumes and plant-level productivity in Colombian manufacturing industries   ScienceDirect Required
Fernandes, A.M. (2007)

The geography of trade in goods and asset holdings   ScienceDirect Required
Aviat, A. & N. Coeurdacier (2007)

The Trade Reducing Effects of Market Power in International Shipping | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Hummels, D., V. Lugovskyy & A. Skiba (2007/09)

Estimating Trade Flows: Trading Partners and Trading Volumes
Helpman, E., M. Melitz & Y. Rubinstein (2007)

Trade Costs in the First Wave of Globalization
Jacks, D.S., C.M. Meissner & D. Noy (2007)

Can the Natural Resource Curse Be Turned Into a Blessing? The Role of Trade Policies and Institutions
Arezki, R. & F. van der Ploeg (2007)

Institutions, infrastructure, and trade   Acrobat Required
Francois, J.F. & M. Manchin (2007)

Trade and Workforce Changeover in Brazil
Muendler, M-A. (2007)

Quantifying international migration: a database of bilateral migrant stocks
Winters, L.A., T.L. Walmsley, R. Skeldon & C.R. Parsons (2007)

Imports, entry and competition law as market disciplines   ScienceDirect Required
Kee, H.L. & B. Hoekman (2007)

Market Access, Openness and Growth
Romalis, J. (2007)

International Productivity Differences, Infrastructure, and Comparative Advantage   Wiley Interscience Required
Yeaple, S.R. & S.S. Golub (2007)

National Border Effects: Location, Not Nationality, Matters   Wiley Interscience Required
Evans, C.L. (2007)

Can Comparative Advantage Explain the Growth of U.S. Trade?   Wiley Interscience Required
Cuńat, A. & M. Maffezzoli (2007)

Product Differentiation, Multi-product Firms and Estimating the Impact of Trade Liberalization on Productivity
De Loecker, J. (2007)

The Missing Globalization Puzzle: Evidence of the Declining Importance of Distance
Coe, D.T., A. Subramanian & N.T Tamirisa (2007)

Optimal Tariffs under a Revenue Constraint   Wiley Interscience Required
Hatta, T. & Y. Ogawa (2007)

Trade Openness and Growth: Pursuing Empirical Glasnost | Published
Billmeier, A. & T. Nannicini (2007/09)

An experimental test of strategic trade policy   ScienceDirect Required
Engelmann, D. & H-T. Normann (2007)

Multinationals and the Creation of Chinese Trade Linkages
Swenson, D.L. (2007)

Improved Access to Foreign Markets Raises Plant-Level Productivity ... for Some Plants
Lileeva, A. & D. Trefler (2007)

Please Pass the Catch-up: The Relative Performance of Chinese and Foreign Firms in Chinese Exports
Blonigen, B. & A. Ma (2007)

Task Specialization, Comparative Advantages, and the Effects of Immigration on Wages
Peri, G. & C. Sparber (2007)

Trade costs, barriers to entry, and export diversification in developing countries   Acrobat Required
Shepherd, B. & A. Dennis (2007)

The Smuggling of Art, and the Art of Smuggling: Uncovering the Illicit Trade in Cultural Property and Antiques
Fisman, R. & S-J. Wei (2007)

Financial Integration within EU Countries: The Role of Institutions, Confidence and Trust
Ekinci, M.F., S. Kalemli-Ozcan & B. Sorensen (2007)

Intra-Industry Foreign Direct Investment
Alfaro, L. & A. Charlton (2007)

Trade Shocks and Labor Adjustment: A Structural Empirical Approach
Artuc, E., S. Chaudhuri & J. McLaren (2007)

Winners and losers: A Micro-level Analysis of International Outsourcing and Wages
Geishecker, I. & H. Görg (2007)

Export Dynamics in Colombia: Firm-Level Evidence
Eaton, J., M. Eslava, M. Kugler & J. Tybout (2007)

Trend in International Migration Flows and Stocks, 1975--2005
Lowell, B.L. (2007)

Foreign Direct Investment, Endogenous Tariffs, and Preferential Trade Agreements
Blanchard, E.J. (2007)

Intra-industry trade with multinational firms   ScienceDirect Required
Egger, H., P. Egger & D. Greenaway (2007)

International trade in durable goods: understanding volatility, cyclicality, and elastics   Acrobat Required
Engel, C. & J. Wang (2007)

Globalization and Taste Convergence: the Cases of Wine and Beer   Wiley Interscience Required
Aizenman, J. & E. Brooks (2008)

Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia   Ingenta Select Required
Amiti, M. & J. Konings (2007)

Export Diversification: What’s behind the Hump?
Cadot, O., C. Carrčre & V. Strauss-Kahn (2007)

Product Quality at the Plant Level: Plant Size, Exports, Output Prices and Input Prices in Colombia   Acrobat Required
Kugler, M. & E.A. Verhoogen (2008)

Estimating Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality
Hallak, J.C. & P.K. Schott (2008)

Aggregate Investment Expenditures on Tradable and Nontradable Goods
Bems, R. (2008)

Heterogeneous Responses of Firms to Trade Protection | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Konings, J. & H. Vandenbussche (2008)

The border effect in small open economies   ScienceDirect Required
Horváth, J., A. Rátfai & B. Döme (2008)

International Migration, Remittances and Household Investment: Evidence from Philippine Migrants’ Exchange Rate Shocks   Wiley Interscience Required
Yang, D. (2008)

Imperfect Substitution between Immigrants and Natives: A Reappraisal
Borjas, G.J., J. Grogger & G.H. Hanson (2008)

Product specialization in international trade: A further investigation   ScienceDirect Required
Pham, C.S. (2008)

On the conservation of distance in international trade   ScienceDirect Required
Berthelon, M. & C. Freund (2008)

Explaining Rising Inequality: Skill-Biased Technical Change and North-South Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
Chusseau, N., M. Dumont & J. Hellier (2008)

Much Ado About Nothing: American Jobs and the Rise of Service Outsourcing to China and India
Liu, R. & D. Trefler (2008)

Firm Heterogeneity and the Structure of U.S. Multinational Activity: An Empirical Analysis | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Yeaple, S. (2008/09)

The Skill Bias of World Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
Epifani, P. & G. Gancia (2008)

Trade, Firms, and Wages: Theory and Evidence | Alternative
Amiti, M. & D.R. Davis (2008)

Multi-product Firms and Product Turnover in the Developing World: Evidence from India
Goldberg, P.K., A. Khandelwal, N. Pavcnik & P. Topalova (2008)

Global Trade and the Maritime Transport Revolution
Jacks, D.S. & K. Pendakur (2008)

Endogenous Borders? Exploring a Natural Experiment on Border Effects
Heinemeyer, H.C., M.S. Schulze & N. Wolf (2008)

Immigration and National Wages: Clarifying the Theory and the Empirics
Ottaviano, G.I.P. & G. Peri (2008)

Is export promotion effective in developing countries? Firm-level evidence on the intensive and the extensive margins of exports   ScienceDirect Required
Martincus, C.V. & J. Carballo (2008)

Do Interest Groups Affect U.S. Immigration Policy?
Facchini, G., A.M. Mayda & P. Mishra (2008)

Globalization Drives Strategic Product Switching
Moreno Badia, M., V. Slootmaekers & I. Van Beveren (2008)

Effects of TRIPS on Growth, Welfare and Income Inequality in an R&D-Growth Model
Chu, A.C. & S-K. Peng (2008)

Imported Intermediate Inputs and Domestic Product Growth: Evidence from India
Goldberg, P.K., A. Khandelwal, N. Pavcnik & P. Topalova (2008)

Testing the Melitz Model of Trade: An Application to U.S. Motion Picture Exports
Hanson, G.H. & X. Xiang (2008)

The Economic Consequences of the International Migration of Labor
Hanson, G.H. (2008)

Financial factors and the margins of trade: evidence from cross-country firm-level data   Acrobat Required
Berman, N. & J. Héricourt (2008)

Trade, Remittances, Institutions, and Economic Growth   Acrobat Required
Le, T. (2008)

The Estimated Effects of the Euro on Trade: Why Are They Below Historical Effects of Monetary Unions Among Smaller Countries?
Frankel, J.A. (2008)

Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices   Wiley Interscience Required
Kee, H.L., A. Nicita & M. Olarreaga (2008)

An Anatomy of International Trade: Evidence from French Firms
Eaton, J., S. Kortum & F. Kramarz (2008)

Measuring Globalization of International Trade: Theory and Evidence   ScienceDirect Required
Arribas, I., F. Pérez & E. Tortosa-Ausina (2008)

New Evidence on the Formation of Trade Policy Preferences
Blonigen, B. (2008)

Exporting and Firm Performance: Chinese Exporters and the Asian Financial Crisis
Park, A., D. Yang, X. Shi & Y. Jiang (2008)

The Margins of U.S. Trade
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen, S.J. Redding & P.K. Schott (2009)

Adaptation and the Boundary of Multinational Firms
Costinot, A., L. Oldenski & J.E. Rauch (2009)

Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution
Muendler, M-A. & S.O. Becker (2009)

The Causes and Effects of International Migrations: Evidence from OECD Countries 1980-2005
Ortega, F. & G. Peri (2009)

The Olympic Effect
Rose, A.K. & M.M. Spiegel (2009)

Global distortions to agricultural markets: new indicators of trade and welfare impacts, 1955 to 2007
Lloyd, P.J., J.L. Croser & K. Anderson (2009)

Trade and Income -- Exploiting Time Series in Geography
Feyrer, J. (2009)

International trade and unemployment: Theory and cross-national evidence   ScienceDirect Required
Dutt, P., D. Mitra & P. Ranjan (2009)

Trade Reforms and Market Selection: Evidence from Manufacturing Plants in Colombia
Eslava, M., J.C. Haltiwanger, A.D. Kugler & M. Kugler (2009)

Estimating the Border Effect: Some New Evidence
Gopinath, G., P-O. Gourinchas, C-T. Hsieh & N. Li (2009)

How remote is the offshoring threat?   ScienceDirect Required
Head, K., T. Mayer & J. Ries (2009)

Measuring the Benefits of Product Variety with an Accurate Variety Set
Blonigen, B.A. & A. Soderbery (2009)

The Two Waves of Service Sector Growth
Eichengreen, B. & P. Gupta (2009)

International Trade and Labor Income Risk in the United States
Krishna, P. & M.Z. Senses (2009)

The better you are the stronger it makes you : evidence on the asymmetric impact of liberalization   Acrobat Required
Iacovone, L. (2009)

Trade Liberalization and New Imported Inputs
Goldberg, P., A. Khandelwal, N. Pavcnik & P. Topalova (2009)

The Better You Are the Stronger It Makes You: Evidence on the Asymmetric Impact of Liberalization
Iacovone, L. (2009)

Estimating the Impact of Trade and Offshoring on American Workers Using the Current Population Surveys
Ebenstein, A., A. Harrison, M. McMillan & S. Phillips (2009)

Exporting Out of Poverty: Provincial Poverty in Vietnam and U.S. Market Access   Acrobat Required
McCaig, B. (2009)

Diasporas
Beine, M., F. Docquier & C. Özden (2009)

Alternative Measures of Offshorability: A Survey Approach
Blinder, A.S. & A.B. Krueger (2009)

Human Capital, Exports, and Earnings
Fafchamps, M. (2009)

Services outsourcing and innovation: An empirical investigation
Görg, H. & A. Hanley (2009)

Offshoring and the Onshore Composition of Tasks and Skills
Becker, S.O., K. Ekholm & M-A. Muendler (2009)

One Money, One Market - A Revised Benchmark
Eicher, T.S. & C. Henn (2009)

Export Prices and Heterogeneous Firm Models
Manova, K. & Z. Zhang (2009)

Offshoring, Firm Performance and Establishment-Level Employment: Identifying Productivity and Downsizing Effects
Moser, C., D.M. Urban & B. Weder di Mauro (2009)

Markups and Firm-level Export Status
De Loecker, J. & F. Warzynski (2009)

The Distance Effect and the Regionalization of the Trade of Low-Income Countries
Carrčre, C., J. de Melo & J. Wilson (2009)

What Can Be Learned from Crisis-Era Protectionism? An Initial Assessment
Evenett, S.J. (2009)

The Trade Response to Global Downturns: Historical Evidence
Freund, C. (2009)

International trade and income differences   Acrobat Required
Waugh, M.E. (2009)

The Determinants of Intra-Firm Trade
Corcos, G., D. Irac, G. Mion & T. Verdier (2009)

Tear Down this Wall: On the Persistence of Borders in Trade
Nitsch, V. & N. Wolf (2009)

Micro, Macro, and Strategic Forces in International Trade Invoicing
Goldberg, L.S. & C. Tille (2009)

Export promotion agencies: Do they work?   ScienceDirect Required
Lederman, D., M. Olarreaga & L. Payton (2009)

Competition and Quality Upgrading
Amiti, M. & A. Khandelwal (2009)

Heterogeneous firms or heterogeneous workers? Implications for the exporter premium and the impact of labor reallocation on productivity
Irarrazabal, A., A. Moxnes & K-H. Ulltveit-Moe (2009)

Time as a Determinant of Comparative Advantage
Li, Y. & J.S. Wilson (2009)

Inter-Firm Trade Finance in Times of Crisis
C. Menichini, A.M. (2009)

The power of exports
Easterly, W., A. Reshef & J. Schwenkenberg (2009)

Trade openness and income — A re-examination   ScienceDirect Required
Manole, V. & M. Spatareanu (2009)

Distance, Trade, and Income - The 1967 to 1975 Closing of the Suez Canal as a Natural Experiment
Feyrer, J. (2009)

The Consumption Terms of Trade and Commodity Prices
Berka, M. & M.J. Crucini (2009)

A Touch of Sophistication: FDI and Unit Values of Exports
Harding, T. & B. Smarzynska-Javorcik (2009)

Elasticity Optimism
Imbs, J. & I. Mejean (2009)

Measuring the Gains from Trade under Monopolistic Competition
Feenstra, R.C. (2009)

Do trade missions increase trade?
Head, K. & J. Ries (2009)

Importing, exporting and innovation in developing countries   Acrobat Required
Seker, M. (2009)

Wholesalers and Retailers in U.S. Trade (Long Version)
Bernard, A.B., J.B. Jensen, S.J. Redding & P.K. Schott (2010)

Globalization, Trade & Wages: What Does History tell us about China?
Mitchener, K.J. & S. Yan (2010)

Trade Liberalization and Heterogeneous Firm Models: An Evaluation Using the Canada - US Free Trade Agreement
Breinlich, H. & A. Cuńat (2010)

The Role of Intermediaries in Facilitating Trade
Ahn, J., A.K. Khandelwal & S-J. Wei (2010)

Climate Shocks and Exports
Jones, B.F. & B.A. Olken (2010)

Global Wage Inequality and the International Flow of Migrants   Acrobat Required
Rosenzweig, M.R. (2010)

Cultural proximity and trade   ScienceDirect Required
Felbermayr, G.J. & F. Toubal (2010)

What Constrains Africa's Exports?
Freund, C. & N. Rocha (2010)

The Composition and Cyclical Behavior of Trade Flows in Emerging Economies
De Bock, R. (2010)

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Regional/Multilateral Integration Agreements

New Dimensions in Regional Integration   Recommended!
de Melo, J. & A. Panagariya (1993)

Abstract: Interest in regional integration has recently revived in both developed and developing countries. The United States has responded to the lack of progress in the Uruguay Round of the GATT by pursuing bilateral trade negotiations with Canada and Mexico, while the developing countries' trade liberalizations of the 1980s have prompted them to re-evaluate the potential benefits of regional integration. The tendency for the world trading system to divide into three blocs - the European Community, the Americas and East Asia - is providing their members with guaranteed access to large markets, but non-member countries will suffer from the loss of access and there is an increasing risk of trade wars. In this book, derived from a conference organized jointly by the World Bank and CEPR in April 1992, leading international experts assess the renewed attractiveness of regional integration to individual countries, the types of integration that are suitable to various circumstances, the conditions necessary to their success, and the relationship between regionalism and multilateral free trade.

Regionalism versus Multilateralism   Recommended!   Acrobat Required
Winters, A. (1995)

Abstract: The literature on regionalism versus multilateralism is growing as economists and political scientists grapple with the question of whether regional integration arrangements are good or bad for the multilateral system. Are regional integration arrangements "building blocks or stumbling blocks," in Jagdish Bhagwati's phrase, or stepping stones toward multilateralism? As economists worry about the ability of the World Trade Organization to maintain the GATT's unsteady yet distinct momentum toward liberalism, and as they contemplate the emergence of world-scale regional integration arrangements (the EU, NAFTA, FTAA, APEC, and, possibly, TAFTA), the question has never been more pressing. Winters switches the focus from the immediate consequences of regionalism for the economic welfare of the integrating partners to the question of whether it sets up forces that encourage or discourage evolution toward globally freer trade. The answer is, "We don't know yet." One can build models that suggest either conclusion, but these models are still so abstract that they should be viewed as parables rather than sources of testable predictions.

Open Regionalism   Recommended!
Bergsten, C.F. (1997)

Abstract: “Open regionalism” represents an effort to resolve one of the central problems of contemporary trade policy: how to achieve compatibility between the explosion of regional trading arrangements 1 around the world and the global trading system as embodied in the World Trade Organization. The concept seeks to assure that regional agreements will in practice be building blocks for further global liberalization rather than stumbling blocks that deter such progress.

Preferential and Non-Preferential Trade Flows in World Trade
Grether, J.M. & M. Olarreagas (1998)

Can Bilateralism Ease the Pains of Multilateral Trade Liberlization?
Cadot, O., J. de Melo & M. Olarreaga (1998)

Regional Integration Agreements: A Force for Convergence or Divergence?
Venables, A.J. (1999)

An Economic Theory of GATT   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (1999)

Abstract: We propose a unified theoretical framework within which to interpret and evaluate the foundational principles of GATT. Working within a general equilibrium trade model, we represent government preferences in a way that is consistent with national income maximization but also allows for the possibility of distributional concerns as emphasized in leading political-economy models. Using this general framework, we establish that GATT's principles of reciprocity and non-discrimination can be viewed as simple rules that assist governments in their effort to implement efficient trade agreements. From this perspective, we argue that preferential agreements undermine GATT's ability to deliver efficient multilateral outcomes.

The Role of Multilateral Institutions in International Trade Cooperation   Recommended!   JSTOR Required
Maggi, G. (1999)

Abstract: The World Trade Organization (WTO) lacks the power to directly enforce agreements. It is therefore important to understand what role the WTO can play to facilitate international cooperation, and whether a multilateral institution can offer distinct advantages over a web of bilateral agreements. This paper examines two potential benefits of a multilateral trade institution: first, verifying violations of the agreements and informing third parties, thus facilitating multilateral reputation mechanisms; second, promoting multilateral trade negotiations rather than a web of bilateral negotiations. The model suggests that a multilateral approach is particularly important when there are strong imbalances in bilateral trading relationships.

The Long and Short of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement
Trefler, D. (2001)

South-South Regional Integration and Industrial Growth: The Case of the Andean Pact
Madani, D.H. (2001)

Trade Integration and Risk Sharing   Acrobat Required
Kraay, A. & J. Ventura (2001)

Is Mercosur a Stepping Stone for Global Competition? An Empirical Assesment   Acrobat Required
Olarreaga, M. (2001)

Financial Globalization and Real Regionalization   Acrobat Required
Heathcote, J. & F. Perri (2001)

Regional Integration and Industrial Growth among Developing Countries: The Case of Three ASEAN Members
Madani, D.H. (2001)

Mega trading blocks: friend or foe of free trade?
Crawford, J. & S. Laird (2001)

Regional Integration and Development in Small States
Schiff, M. (2002)

Regionalism and the WTO   CONFERENCE PAPERS   Recommended!
Various (2002)

Abstract: Proceedings of a conference on regionalism and the WTO, held April 26, 2002 at the WTO.

Regional Agreements and Trade in Services
Mattoo, A. & C. Fink (2002)

Trade-Related Technology Diffusion and the Dynamics of North-South and South-South Integration
Schiff, M., W. Yanling & M. Olarreaga (2002)

Regional Cooperation, and the Role of International Organizations and Regional Integration
Schiff, M. & A.L. Winters (2002)

Agriculture in the Doha Agenda
Messerlin, P. (2003)

The Monetary Consequences of a Free Trade Area of the Americas
Eichengreen, B. & A.M. Taylor (2003)

Gradualism in free trade agreements: a theoretical justification   ScienceDirect Required
Chisik, R. (2003)

East Asia Integrates: a trade policy for shared growth   Recommended!
Krumm, K. & H. Kharas (Editors) (2003)

Abstract: Countries of East Asia face a substantial challenge to sustain income growth and poverty reduction in today’s competitive global economy, as they continue to recover from the 1997 financial crisis and to adapt to China’s emergence as a major world and regional trader. But even as they make decisions about the pace and extent of change needed to compete in the new East Asia, governments also face fundamental challenges to ensure that the benefits of regional and global trade are shared more evenly, among and within countries and social groups. These challenges can be met if action is taken to promote formal economic cooperation through trade and investment liberalization, consistent with a strong development orientation, according to the World Bank’s latest research on trade in East Asia. East Asia Integrates: A Trade Policy for Shared Growth, released today in Singapore, urges that this emerging, complex agenda, be addressed through an integrated regional trade strategy for East Asia – one that is more open and equitable than in the past.

Reciprocity in Free Trade Agreements
Freund, C. (2003)

What Would a Development-Friendly WTO Architecture Really Look Like?
Mattoo, A. & A. Subramanian (2003)

The Case for Auctioning Countermeasures in the WTO | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Bagwell, K., P.C. Mavroidis & R.W. Staiger (2003/07)

More Favorable and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries: Toward a New Approach in the World Trade Organization
Michalopoulos, C., L.A. Winters & B. Hoekman (2003)

The Impact of China’s WTO Accession on East Asia
Ianchovichina, E. & T. Walmsley (2003)

Emerging Trends in WTO Dispute Settlement: Back to the GATT?
Holmes, P., J. Rollo & A.R. Young (2003)

The WTO Promotes Trade, Strongly But Unevenly | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Subramanian, A. & S-J. Wei (2003/07)

The United States and the New Regionalism/ Bilateralism
Hilaire, A. & Y. Yang (2003)

Regional Blocs and Foreign Direct Investment   Wiley Interscience Required
Donnenfeld, S. (2003)

Regional Integration and Development   Recommended!
Schiff, M. & L.A. Winters (2003)

Abstract: The growth of regional trading blocs has been one of the major developments in international relations in recent years. This volume extends the literature on it by examining regionalism from the viewpoint of developing countries, by providing a comprehensive account of existing theory and empirical results, by incorporating the findings of formal analyses of the politics and dynamics of regionalism, and by analyzing issues of credibility, deep integration, and the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism. In addition the volume offers concrete guidance to policy makers. Regional integration has an ambiguous impact on welfare and is too complex and case-specific to permit universal operational rules. Nevertheless, the authors have extracted a number of robust messages from the analysis that apply in the majority of circumstances. These are collected together into eight themes, broken down into thirty rules of thumb, that should guide policy makers considering creating or joining a new trade bloc.

In defence of the WTO: hard rules are better than no rules at all?
Holmes, P. (2003)

The Trade and Investment Effects of Preferential Trading Arrangements
Dee, P. & J. Gali (2003)

The Impacts of an East Asia FTA on Foreign Trade in East Asia
Urata, S. & K. Kiyota (2003)

WTO Dispute Settlements in East Asia
Ahn, D. (2003)

China's Integration into the World Economy: Implications for Developing Countries
Yang, Y. (2003)

The Impact of Free Trade Agreements in Asia   Adobe Acrobat Required
Kawasaki. K. (2003)

After Cancun: Possibilities for a New North-South Grand Bargain on Trade
Palley, T.I. (2003)

NAFTA and Mexico's Less-Than-Stellar Performance
Tornell, A., F. Westermann & L. Martinez (2004)

China: International Trade and WTO Accession
Rumbaugh, T.R. & N.R. Blancher (2004)

Multilateral trade negotiations, bilateral opportunism and the rules of GATT/WTO | Erratum   ScienceDirect Required
Bagwell, K. & R.W. Staiger (2004/05)

Special and Differential Treatment in the WTO: Why, When and How?
Keck, A. & P. Low (2004)

The WTO and the Poorest Countries: The Stark Reality
Mattoo, A. & A. Subramanian (2004)

Are regional trading arrangements trade creating? An application of extreme bounds analysis   ScienceDirect Required
Ghosh, S. & S. Yamarik (2004)

Regionalism and Multilateral Trade Liberalization with Asymmetric Countries   Wiley Interscience Required
Hadjiyiannis, C. (2004)

A strategic and welfare theoretic analysis of free trade areas   ScienceDirect Required
Bond, E.W., R.G. Riezman & C. Syropoulos (2004)

Economic determinants of free trade agreements   ScienceDirect Required
Baier, S.L. & J.H. Bergstrand (2004)

North-South Technology Diffusion, Regional Integration, and the Dynamics of the “Natural Trading Partners” Hypothesis
Schiff, M. & Y. Wang (2004)

The Development Round of trade negotiations in the aftermath of Cancun   Adobe Acrobat Required
Stiglitz, J. & A. Charlton (2004)

Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Trade Agreements: The Market Size Effect Revisited
Jaumotte, F. (2004)

Regionalism in Standards: Good or Bad for Trade?
Chen, M.X. & A. Mattoo (2004)

The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis   Recommended!
Macrory, P.F.J., A.E. Appleton & M.G. Plummer (2005)

Abstract: With more than eighty chapters, this three-volume work – described by the current Director-General of the World Trade Organization as an "outstanding contribution" to understanding the world trading system – is by far the most comprehensive study yet undertaken of the WTO. Contributors to the book include two former Directors-General of the WTO, a former Deputy Director-General, a former and a present member of the WTO Appellate Body, and several present and former officials of the WTO Secretariat. They also include a number of former heads of country delegations to the GATT and the WTO, as well as leading academics and practitioners from many countries. The core of the book is the section on the legal framework of the WTO, which contains detailed legal analyses of the GATT 1994 and each of the specialized WTO agreements, as well as a discussion of the institutional framework of the WTO. The book also includes a number of chapters on the WTO dispute resolution process – a critical part of the world trading system – and on the growing phenomenon of regional trade agreements. In addition, the book contains sections discussing important political aspects of the WTO, such as the relationship between trade and the environment, labor, and human rights. A section on economic issues includes chapters analyzing the economic aspects of such critical aspects as anti-dumping, safeguards, trade and the environment, and trade and labor. A series of country reports considers the WTO from the perspective of individual members and would-be members, ranging from the United States and the European Union to Mongolia.

International Cooperation on Domestic Policies: Lessons from the WTO Competition Policy Debate
Hoekman, B. & K. Saggi (2004)

Understanding Rules of Origin   REVIEW PAPER
Krishna, K. (2005)

The Clash of Liberalizations: Preferential versus Multilateral Trade Liberalization in the European Union | Published   ScienceDirect Required
Karacaovali, B. & N. Limao (2005/08)

What Does Regional Trade in South Asia Reveal about Future Trade Integration? Some Empirical Evidence
Pitigala, N. (2005)

The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis   Recommended!
Macrory, P.F.J., A.E. Appleton & M.G. Plummer (2005)

Abstract: With more than eighty chapters, this three-volume work – described by the current Director-General of the World Trade Organization as an "outstanding contribution" to understanding the world trading system – is by far the most comprehensive study yet undertaken of the WTO. Contributors to the book include two former Directors-General of the WTO, a former Deputy Director-General, a former and a present member of the WTO Appellate Body, and several present and former officials of the WTO Secretariat. They also include a number of former heads of country delegations to the GATT and the WTO, as well as leading academics and practitioners from many countries. The core of the book is the section on the legal framework of the WTO, which contains detailed legal analyses of the GATT 1994 and each of the specialized WTO agreements, as well as a discussion of the institutional framework of the WTO. The book also includes a number of chapters on the WTO dispute resolution process – a critical part of the world trading system – and on the growing phenomenon of regional trade agreements. In addition, the book contains sections discussing important political aspects of the WTO, such as the relationship between trade and the environment, labor, and human rights. A section on economic issues includes chapters analyzing the economic aspects of such critical aspects as anti-dumping, safeguards, trade and the environment, and trade and labor. A series of country reports considers the WTO from the perspective of individual members and would-be members, ranging from the United States and the European Union to Mongolia. The book is an essential tool for anyone with a professional interest in the WTO, ranging from government officials involved in trade policy to legal practitioners to academics.

Beyond Goods and Services: Competition Policy, Investment, Mutual Recognition, Movement of Persons, and Broader Cooperation Provisions of Recent FTAs involving ASEAN Countries
Dayaratna Banda, O.G. & J. Whalley (2005)

International fragmentation and the new economic geography   ScienceDirect Required
Jones, R.W. & H. Kierzkowski (2005)

The Economic Analysis of International Production/Distribution Networks in East Asia and Latin America: The Implication of Regional Trade Arrangements
Kimura, F. & M. Ando (2005)

Trade preferences to small developing countries and the welfare costs of lost multilateral liberalization
Limao, N. & M. Olarreago (2005)

The Changing Landscape of Regional Trade Agreements   Acrobat Required
Crawford, J. & R.V. Fiorentino (2005)

The WTO After 10 Years: Global Problems and Multilateral Solutions   Recommended!   CONFERENCE PAPERS
Various Authors (2005)

Abstract: Papers and presentations from the recent WTO public symposium "WTO After 10 Years: Global Problems and Multilateral Solutions" are now available on the WTO website. This year's event coincided with the 10th Anniversary of the WTO. Participants from governments, parliaments, civil society, the business sector, academia and the media were invited to analyse and reflect upon these past ten years and discuss the challenges the organization faces into the future.

Preferential Trade Agreements as Stumbling Blocks for Multilateral Trade Liberalization: Evidence for the US
Limao, N. (2005)

Trade Agreements as Self-Protection   Wiley Interscience Required
Wu, J.P. (2005)

Rules of Origin in North-South Preferential Trading Arrangements with an Application to NAFTA   Wiley Interscience Required
Anson, J., O. Cadot, A. Estevadeordal, J. de Melo, A. Suwa-Eisenmann & B. Tumurchudur (2005)

Preferential Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific Region
Feridhanusetyawan, T. (2005)

BRICSAM and the Non-WTO
Antkiewicz, A. & J. Whalley (2005)

Trade creating free trade areas and the undermining of multilateralism   ScienceDirect Required
Ornelas, E. (2005)

Product Specific Rules of Origin in EU and U.S. Preferential Trading Agreements: An Assessment
Cadot, O., C. Carrere, J. de Melo & B. Tumurchudur (2005)

European Union–developing country FTAs: overview and analysis   ScienceDirect Required
Francois, J.F., M. McQueen & G. Wignaraja (2005)

Preference erosion and multilateral trade liberalization
Francois, J., B. Hoekman & M. Manchin (2005)

How often are propositions on the effects of regional trade agreements theoretical curiosa?   ScienceDirect Required
Abrego, L., R. Riezman & J. Whalley (2005)

Bilateralism and Free Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
Goyal, S. & S. Joshi (2006)

Multilateralism and Hub-and-Spoke Bilateralism   Wiley Interscience Required
Mukunoki, H. & K. Tachi (2006)

Trade Issues in the Doha Round: Dispelling Some Misconceptions | Published   Ingenta Select Required
Tokarick, S. (2006/08)

The world trading system: In the fog of uncertainty
Ostry, S. (2006)

Winners and Losers from the Gradual Formation of Trading Blocs   Acrobat Required
Macho-Stadler, I. & L. Xue (2006)

Recent Regional Agreements: Why So Many, Why So Much Variance in Form, Why Coming So fast, and Where are They Headed?   Acrobat Required
Whalley, J. (2006)

Quality of Governance and the Formation of Preferential Trade Agreements   Wiley Interscience Required
Endoh, M. (2006)

Rules of origin for preferential trading arrangements: implications for the ASEAN Free Trade Area of EU and U.S. experience
Cadot, O., J. de Melo & A. Portugal-Perez (2006)

Preferential trade agreements and their role in world trade
Medvedev, D. (2006)

Patterns of International Cooperation and the Explanatory Power of Relative Gains: An Analysis of Cooperation on Global Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, and International Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
Grundig, F. (2006)

Do free trade agreements actually increase members' international trade?   ScienceDirect Required
Baier, S.L. & J.H. Bergstrand (2007)

When Do Trade Blocs Block Trade?   Wiley Interscience Required
Kono, D.Y. (2007)

Does WTO Membership Make a Difference at the Extensive Margin of World Trade?   Acrobat Required
Felbermayr, G.J. & W. Kohler (2007)

Will the Doha Round Lead to Preference Erosion?
Amiti, M. & J. Romalis (2007)

Regionalization, Changes in Home Bias, and the Growth of World Trade
Whalley, J. & X. Xin (2007)

Endogenous trade bloc formation in an asymmetric world   ScienceDirect Required
Melatos, M. & A. Woodland (2007)

Free trade networks   ScienceDirect Required
Furusawa, T. & H. Konishi (2007)

Normative comparisons of customs unions and other types of free trade association   ScienceDirect Required
Kemp, M.C. (2007)

Evaluating the trade effect of developing regional trade agreements : a semi-parametric approach
Coulibaly, S. (2007)

Pareto-optimal Delegation in Customs Unions   Wiley Interscience Required
Melatos, M. & A.D. Woodland (2007)

Is Regionalism Viable? A Case for Global Free Trade   Wiley Interscience Required
Oladi, R. & H. Beladi (2007)

Feasible multilateralism and the effects of regionalism   ScienceDirect Required
Ornelas, E. (2008)

Are Trade Blocs Building or Stumbling Blocks? New Evidence
Baldwin, R. & E. Seghezza (2008)

The trade structure effects of endogenous regional trade agreements   ScienceDirect Required
Egger, H., P. Egger & D. Greenaway (2008)

Recurrent trade agreements and the value of external enforcement   ScienceDirect Required
Klimenko, M., G. Ramey & J. Watson (2008)

Trade Creation and Diversion Revisited: Accounting for Model Uncertainty and Natural Trading Partner Effects
Eicher, T., C. Henn, & C. Papageorgiou (2008)

New measures of trade creation and trade diversion   ScienceDirect Required
Magee, C.S.P. (2008)

Big-Think Regionalism: a Critical Survey
Baldwin, R. (2008)

Enlargement and common external tariff in a political-economic model of customs union   Acrobat Required
Bandyopadhyay, S., S. Lahiri & S. Roy (2008)

Trade diversion under selective preferential market access
Borchert, I.

Does regionalism affect trade liberalization toward non-members?
Estevadeordal, A., C. Freund & E. Ornelas (2008)

The Value of Making Commitments Externally: Evidence from WTO Accessions
Tang, M-K., S-J. Wei (2008)

Estimating the effects of free trade agreements on international trade flows using matching econometrics   ScienceDirect Required
Baier, S.L. & J.H. Bergstrand (2008)

Do countries free ride on MFN?   ScienceDirect Required
Ludema, R.D. & A.M. Mayda (2009)

In Search of WTO Trade Effects:Preferential Trade Agreements Promote Trade Strongly, But Unevenly
Eicher, T.S. & C. Henn (2009)

Common External Tariff Choice in Core Customs Unions   Wiley Interscience Required
Melatos, M. & A. Woodland (2009)

Global Free Trade is in the Core of a Customs Union Game   Wiley Interscience Required
Konishi, H., C. Kowalczyk & T. Sjöström (2009)

WTO as Moral Support   Wiley Interscience Required
Furusawa, T. (2009)

Implications of WTO disciplines for special economic zones in developing countries
Creskoff, S. & P. Walkenhorst (2009)

Regional Trade Integration and Multinational Firm Strategies
Antras, P. & C.F. Foley (2009)

The ASEAN Free Trade Agreement: Impact on Trade Flows and External Trade Barriers
Calvo-Pardo, H., C. Freund & E. Ornelas (2009)

GATT/WTO Promotes Trade Strongly: Sample Selection and Model Specification   Wiley Interscience Required
Liu, X. (2009)

Trade negotiations within the GATT/WTO framework: A survey of successes and failures   ScienceDirect Required
Baldwin, R.E. (2009)

Alternatives to the Doha Round   ScienceDirect Required
Deardorff, A.V. & R.M. Stern (2009)

http://ir.ide.go.jp/dspace/bitstream/2344/851/1/207_hhss.pdf">Who Uses FTAs?   Acrobat Required
Hayakawa, K., D. Hiratsuka, K. Shiino & S. Sukegawa (2009)

The effects of free trade areas on non-members: Modelling Kemp–Vanek admissibility   ScienceDirect Required
Waschik, R. (2009)

Preferential trading arrangements as strategic positioning   ScienceDirect Required
Seidmann, D.J. (2009)

Joining the World Trade Organization: What is the Impact?   Wiley Interscience Required
Balding, C. (2010)

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